tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72297250990495708172024-03-08T14:56:07.110-08:00Buy an essayMikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.comBlogger208125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-2296556949178235172020-08-26T13:29:00.001-07:002020-08-26T13:29:04.084-07:00Environmental Scanning Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsThink about your own understanding of progress and change the executives - Case Study Example At the area where I used to beforehand work, there existed a ton of confusion particularly when it came to sorting out reports, which worried about uses of different programming projects, given that the interface connecting virtual products now and again made trouble (Gill, 2002). The difficulties that we experienced while utilizing different applications simultaneously brought about a definitive report appearing to be fairly disarranged in certain examples. Having experienced such an encounter set me up adequately for the difficulties in the field, and I took in various exercises that have helped me from that point onward. Clearly any new experience presents new hindrances in the smooth progression of work since endless changes must be implemented for congruity of the same old thing. I was incited to buckle down in my undertaking to demonstrate my hypothesis of progress as the best and just way out of the good old framework. In the long run, similarly as the familiar axiom goes, ââ¬Å"Good things go to the individuals who wait,â⬠my vigorous endeavors were showed when the administration capitulated and in the end executed my change hypothesis. The change was not moment. It took a long time until it started to appear that my endeavors were a pointless activity. By the by I had the profound conviction that by one way or another there should be somebody in our demographic who might see the broad and immaculate introduction of information in our organization. I likewise had a group that was not unsettled and which had apparently higher expectations than mine considering the way that my hypothesis of progress was unfamiliar to them before I raised it. With time, it was clear that the organization needed to change with the occasions consequently I was by and by mentioned to disregard the upgrading of the framework completely with the help of experts from different organizations and obviously my devoted colleagues. Before the finish of the update of the framework, I had a helped Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-27041765392907706462020-08-22T08:20:00.001-07:002020-08-22T08:20:10.123-07:00The Relationship of Marijuana Accessibility & Substance Abuse Essay Example for FreeThe Relationship of Marijuana Accessibility Substance Abuse Essay Theoretical A developing worry in the clinical and psychological well-being field is the connection between cannabis use and further unlawful medication misuse. Because of the ongoing state laws going in Washington and Colorado, there has been a requirement for an examination to address the openness factor in relations to the ââ¬Å"gateway hypothesisâ⬠to pot. The dread is that the expansion in availability of weed will bring about an increment of substance misuse and reliance. Hence, this investigation is planned to address the accompanying exploration question: Is the expanded openness of weed connected with the expansion utilization of cannabis and other unlawful medication use. Moreover, this proposition will address the hole in the writing, test and instrument utilized, and the discoveries. The Relationship of Marijuana Accessibility Substance Abuse A developing worry in the clinical and emotional wellness field is the relationship of pot use and further unlawful medication maltreatment just as whether the expansion openness of pot will bring about the expansion of substance misuse (Yacoubian, 2007). In the United Sates, analysts and experts have watched the disputable portal theory of pot for as far back as 30 years (Hall Lynskey, 2005). Corridor and Lynskey give the accompanying operational definition to the passage speculation: ââ¬Å"Drugs whose utilization in some vague way is a reason for the utilization of later medications in the sequenceâ⬠(p.1). During this time, an assortment of studies have been led and have found observational help to propose that cannabis is ordinarily connected with the utilization of other unlawful medications (Lessem, 2006). A past investigation found that 90% of cocaine clients had utilized weed preceding cocaine (Fergusson, Boden, Horwood, 2006). In another investigation, scientists found that 33% of infrequent and 84% of day by day cannabis clients announced utilizing other unlawful medications (Fergusson, Boden, Horwood, 2006, p. 2). At present, pot is an intriguing issue in the media because of the United States having the universes biggest single market for illegal medications (Yacoubian, 2007).à In expansion, look into shows that pot has been found as the most predominant unlawful medication inside the American family units (Yacoubian). Out of the assessed 19 million individuals utilizing illegal medications in American family units, most of patients admitted to treatment offices are youths and youthful grown-ups for pot misuse (Lessem, 2006). This examination altogether influences the emotional wellness field because of the popularity of experts prepared and qualified to work with and treat patients with substance misuse and reliance issues. As far as arrangement, during the 2012 political decision the province of Washington and Colorado passed laws that legitimized the recreational utilization of maryjane (Healy, 2012). To date a gauge of 12 states have decriminalized weed and 18 states just as Washington, DC license clinical cannabis use (Healy). Be that as it may, under the Federal law there is nothing of the sort as ââ¬Å"medicalâ⬠maryjane (McCarthy, 2004). This is because of the Drug Enforcement Administrationââ¬â¢s rules and the Controlled Substance Act which orders pot as a Schedule 1 medication dependent on the accompanying three variables: (1) its high potential for misuse, (2) having no huge methods for clinical use, (3) absence of acknowledged security for utilization of the medication (McCarthy). Furthermore, the Department of Justice obviously expresses that weed is unlawful under Federal Law in spite of state arrangements and acts (McCarthy). Yacoubian (2007) addresses the discussion between criminalization versus decriminalization by looking into tranquilize guideline and strategies inside the United States and the Netherlands. Research found that accepted legitimization, allowing bistros, in the Netherlands prompted a huge increment of pot use among Dutch youth (Yacoubian). Yacoubian presumed that examination recommends that an expansion openness of maryjane will bring about the expansion of medication use. With the end goal of this examination, the operational meaning of openness will line up with Yacoubians, which depends on state strategies and guideline. For instance, sanctioning strategies propose a high availability of maryjane (Yacoubian). In particular, with respect to the current examination the accompanying three states characterize the level availability: Coloradoââ¬â¢s sanctioning arrangements and recreational use (high openness), Californiaââ¬â¢s decimalization approaches and clinical use (restricted availability), and Virginiaââ¬â¢s illicit strategies and no allowed use (no availability) (Healy, 2012). Because of the contention of late state laws passing and Federal Laws not changing there has been aâ necessity for additional exploration with respect to the unlawful medication maryjane and its belongings (Healy, 2012). Scientists have discovered a noteworthy connection among standard and early pot use and further medication utilize, for example, cocaine, heroin, pills, and so on. (Lobby Lynskey, 2005). Notwithstanding, past examinations inferred that there is a hole inside the exploration in light of the fact that there may have been an overestimation of results proposing the ââ¬Å"gateway hypothesisâ⬠known as the recurrence of weed use and later association in other illegal medication use (Fergusson, Boden Horwood, 2006). Lessem (2006) referenced a portion of the impediments to investigate were the powerlessness to gauge tranquilize reliance just as the issues of causality. Likewise, most flow inquire about investigations are out dated and preceding the ongoing laws. This examination study was intended to fill the particular hole depicted inside the ebb and flow look into. As indicated by Fergusson, Boden, and Horwood (2006) their examination brought about overestimation of date; in this way, this particular investigation was organized to guarantee the information is correctly and precisely broke down to forestall difficulties of overestimations. Also, this investigation utilizes a substantial and solid appraisal to gauge tranquilize misuse and reliance, which fulfills the impediments recently referenced in Lessemââ¬â¢s (2006) explore study. It is a worry that as pot turns out to be progressively available, there will be an expansion in substance misuse and reliance the country over (Hall Lynckey, 2005). This examination is expected to address the accompanying exploration question: Is the expansion availability of maryjane associated with the increment of cannabis use and substance misuse and reliance. Thusly, the examination theory for this investigation is that with the expansion of openness there will an increment in substance misuse and reliance. The general motivation behind this examination study is to cover a few introducing factors. To begin with, it is to expand attention to the plague of pot use and further medication maltreatment inside our country. Second, it is to teach people in general on the essentialness of the connection among pot and medication misuse. Ultimately, this examination proposition is intended to assemble and investigate information from states in which ongoing laws were passed allowing increment in availability and utilization of pot. Technique Members The example for this investigation comprised of 450 subjects from the states ofà California, Colorado, and Virginia. An example size of 150 was utilized from every one of these states, 75 members were understudies from state colleges and another 75 members were patients at restoration and medication treatment focuses. The mean normal period of members inside in the example was 22.23. Among the all out example size, 64% (n=288) were male subjects and 36% (n=162) were female subjects. As far as ethnicity, 42% (n=189) of members recognized as white, 22% (n=99) as African American, 20% (n=90) as Hispanic, 16% (n=72) as Asian, and 4% (n=18) as other. The example was first separated into the accompanying three prior gatherings as indicated by state availability of weed: California members (decriminalized pot/constrained openness), Colorado members (legitimized maryjane/high availability), and Virginia members (illicit cannabis/no allowed openness). Members were then isolated into one of the three subgroups dependent on their medication use and misuse. The participantââ¬â¢s score on the Drug Abuse Screening Test appraisal decided their arrangement in one of the accompanying three subgroups: non-existing/gentle, moderate, and serious. Instrument The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) was the instrument used to survey the example in this particular investigation. The DAST is a 20-thing psychometric instrument that is purposed to quantify an individualââ¬â¢s medicate use and misuse (Corcoran, Fischer, 2007). The manual demonstrates that a higher absolute score proposes a file of issue seriousness (Corcoran, Fischer). The DAST is scored by the all out entirety of each of the 20 things with scope of scores being from 0 to 28 (Corcoran, Fischer). With the end goal of this examination, members scores are assessed by gentle (scores: 0-6), moderate (scores: 7-13), serious (scores: 14-20). Allude to Appendix A for an example of the full instrument introducing every one of the 20 things. The DAST demonstrates that psychometric instrument has both magnificent unwavering quality and legitimacy (Corcoran, Fischer, 2007). The evaluated inward consistency unwavering quality was determined with an alpha of .92; notwithstanding, the manual doesn't give any information of test-retest dependability (Corcoran, Fischer). The DAST manual shows both a decent discriminant and simultaneous legitimacy for the instrument. As far as discriminant legitimacy, the instrumentââ¬â¢s all out score precisely and altogether recognized the gatherings with predominantly liquor related issues from the gatherings with drugâ problems (Corcoran, Fischer). The DAST simultaneous legitimacy was inspected by its huge connection of the DASTââ¬â¢s foundation factors, recurrence of medication use inside a year time allotment, and records psychopathology (Corcoran, Fischer). Technique The members of this examination Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-26184168947442644522020-08-20T01:25:00.001-07:002020-08-20T01:25:03.116-07:00Personal Recruiter InMail and Other Communication Strategies That WorkPersonal Recruiter InMail and Other Communication Strategies That Work Getting Personal with LinkedIn InMail Today I read an article by Catherine Byers Breet, a self-proclaimed ârecovering recruiter,â on âHow to contact a recruiter on LinkedIn.â As you can imagine, recruiters get bombarded by InMails and connection requests every day, and it truly takes something to grab their attention. The same goes for other decision makers. But donât let this stop you. Getting the right person to open your InMail might not be as hard as you think. The question is, how can you write an InMail to a recruiter or other decision maker that they will actually read? First Things First You need the capability to send InMail in order to send an InMail â" which means you probably need to invest in a premium subscription. Or, you might be able to send an attention-getting connection request and communicate via regular messaging after that, but youâll have a more difficult time without InMail. Get Personal After handling the logistics, itâs a simple trick to inspire people to open messages: Write something personal! Yep. Thatâs it. All you need to do to increase the open rate on your InMails is to establish a personal connection. If you donât, you can be sure that approximately half of your intended recipients will not read what youâve written. Nevertheless, youâd be surprised how many people donât bother to take a few minutes to customize a message when seeking to get what they want. The response to their generalized outreach? Radio silence. The Bystander Principle at Work Itâs not just on LinkedIn where people are getting lazy about their communications. Take this situation I encountered recently: âI sent out my blog to everyone in my network and asked them to comment, and not a single person did it!â lamented a new blogger friend of mine. What do you think went wrong here? Perhaps her friends read her blog and were afraid to tell her they didnât like it. Sure, thatâs plausible. Perhaps she has low quality connections who donât support her enough to do what she asks. Kinda doubtful. Whatâs more likely, I think, is that she did not personalize her invitations sufficiently. When I first started blogging, I went to my closest and most thoughtful friends and family, and specifically, individually asked them to read and comment on my articles. They all helped me out, and many of them still comment on my articles to this day. Thousands of others read the articles and donât say or do anything. (Hmmmmâ¦. Maybe I should be asking more people in my network for their feedback on specific articles!) The fact is, when people get what looks like a general email with a request, they often donât do what theyâre asked. Theyâre so busy! And anyway, someone else will do it if they donât, right? Wrong. You might have heard of the âbystander effect,â a phenomenon where a crowd of people will stand by and not help someone in need; people donât feel important or needed when they are the recipient of a generic request. But if someone points and says âYou â" I need you to call 911!â, the person will almost always help. I kept this phenomenon in mind on my birthday this year, when instead of creating a Facebook event, I wrote individual messages to people I wanted to invite. This was a riskier strategy than sending out a generic invitation, and I was more vulnerable. The result? My friends felt wanted and actually scheduled their Fatherâs Day plans around my birthday party. It worked! Getting Personal with LinkedIn InMail When youâre not reaching out to friends who have an automatic personal connection with you, you need to establish one. Breaking through that barrier might be as simple as mentioning a mutual connection (someone you really know). Or you could refer to an article written by the person you want to connect with, or that mentions the person. All these points of connection can be found with simple LinkedIn searches. If your LinkedIn investigations come up blank, try googling the person and their company. Look at their blog if they have one, or their company website. Youâre likely to find some interesting information that you can use as a conversation starter. Ms. Byers Breet discovered a mutual interest in SCUBA diving with her intended connection and was able to get creative with that, going so far as to mention seahorses in her subject line! She got a response within 10 minutes. If youâre not so fortunate as to discover an eclectic mutual interest, you can always try the direct approach. Byers Breet suggests: âIâm a healthcare data analyst. Do you ever need folks like me?â Another pointer: The shorter the better. Start with your main point and donât go much beyond that. Youâll need to catch their attention in the first 255 characters, which is what will appear in the notification about your message. I highly recommend Byers Breetâs article for sample emails to recruiters that include humor and sizzle. Model after those, whether youâre writing to a recruiter or someone else! Do you see anywhere in your life where youâre sending out a general request when a personalized one would work better? Please share â" and if you try something new, please report the results! Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-4074962110445996272020-05-24T12:37:00.001-07:002020-05-24T12:37:04.216-07:00Essay On Ella Baker - 1088 Words Did you know when Ella was six years old she hit a boy for calling her nigger?Ella Baker was the most inspiring person to change color peopleââ¬â¢s lives. First, Ella was apart of the SCLC and the NAACP, through those organizations Ella was able to help many lives. Second, Ella helped the rise of M.L.K, she got no credit for the work she did with him. Colored women never got the rights they deserved in Ellaââ¬â¢s life time. Ella inspired many people, Ella made people believe that everyone was equal. Ella was apart of the SCLC , SNCC,and NAACP, through those organizations Ella was able to help many lives. To begin, according to Susan Gushee Oââ¬â¢Malley ââ¬Å"She was named acting director of the SCLC and set about organizing the crusade to openâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦To explain, according to Thomson Gale ââ¬Å"The majority of members were men and ministers, and they were not always ready to listen to an opinionated woman who was not part of the clergyâ⬠. F urther on, Even in the SCLC they didnââ¬â¢t always listen to what women had to say. The SCLC claimed to want rights for everyone and to help people, but they didnââ¬â¢t listen to their own advice. If the SCLC respected women more than they did maybe Ella Baker would have stayed with them. But everything happens for a reason, if she did not leave the SCLC then she wouldnââ¬â¢t have went to the NAACP and did all the work she did there. According to msbush.wikispaces.com ââ¬Å"Even more disappointing to her was Dr. King s unequal treatment between her and other males in the group.â⬠To go on, Martin Luther King Jr. did not treat women equal to men. Ella never got the credit or the respect from M.L.K, so she decided to leave the SCLC and join some other group so Ella could continue fighting for color people rights. Rosa Parks explained, ââ¬Å"Ella felt that the men [like MLK Jr.] wanted all the glory. And she was going to be working behind the scenes, and she wanted her just desertsâ⬠¦ but they werenââ¬â¢t about to give it to her, and so she decided that she couldnââ¬â¢t take it.â⬠In light of, Ella believed that she couldnââ¬â¢t work with M.L.K because she thought he wanted glory and didnââ¬â¢t want to give any credit to Ella. But she was notShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Life of Ella Baker1856 Words à |à 8 PagesGive light and people will find the way, Said Ella Baker. She was a woman, who even in the darkest hour, gave light to people everywhere. Being a Civil Rights activist in the 1930ââ¬â¢s, she was one of the leading figures in the Civil Rights Movement. She dedicated her life to fighting for freedom and equality, and she deserves to be recognized worldwide. Ella Baker was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1903. She always had strong opinions, and ââ¬Å"followed her own mindâ⬠. However, she was influenced by herRead MoreElla Baker and the Black Freedom Movement Essay2896 Words à |à 12 PagesREVIEW ELLA BAKER AND THE BLACK FREEDOM MOVEMENT BARBARA RANSBY Ella Josephine Baker was a giant among civil rights activists. Spanning nearly half the twentieth century, her long and varied career enabled her to touch many lives and leave a unique imprint on the cultural, social, political and economical transitions of both African Americans and society as a whole, specifically during the tumultuous decade of the 1960s. In contrast to other leading activists of her day, Baker ferventlyRead MoreBlack Americans And The Black Freedom Struggle1372 Words à |à 6 Pagesto them. In this ongoing fight for Black Freedom, many influential Black leaders stepped up. One of them is one of the most important figures in the Black freedom struggle history, Ella Baker. This essay will first, explain key issues on Black Americansââ¬â¢ freedom in housing and school to prison pipeline, then identify Ella Bakerââ¬â¢s theory in the Black Freedom Struggle, and finally define what freedom means. Itââ¬â¢s the American dream to own a house with beautiful white fences and yard and live joyfullyRead More The Role of African American Women in the Civil Rights Movement2583 Words à |à 11 Pageseventually gain citizenship through education. The citizenship schools are what Septima Clark is most famous for, and for good reason. They not only increased literacy and education, they also served to empower African Americans, especially women. In her essay, ââ¬Å"Septima Clark and the Struggle for Human Rightsâ⬠, Grace Jordan McFadden writes, ââ¬Å"Clark contended that women who participated in the citizenship education became aroused citizens and assumed positive roles in the quest for civil as well as womenââ¬â¢sRead MoreEssay One: Final Version960 Words à |à 4 PagesEssay One: Final Version How Family Folklore Alters Through Experience Over Time Elders in a family often tell youngsters stories of their past. Moreover, Steven Zeitlin, Amy Kotkin, and Holly Cutting Baker, assert in ââ¬Å"Family Storiesâ⬠that ââ¬Å"Family stories are usually based on real incidents which become embellished over the yearsâ⬠(10). These stories tend to change as people age and experience various situations. Canfieldââ¬â¢s short story ââ¬Å"Sex Educationâ⬠depicts Aunt Minnie, a woman who faced a traumaticRead MoreAn Extended Definition of Beauty Essay1056 Words à |à 5 Pagesexplain another as beautiful by using any of these synonyms of beauties. Two antonyms of beauty are ugly, and unloving. In fact, beauty has many antonyms but ugly and unloving are the most common ones used towards others. For example, as stated in Ella Wheeler Wilcoxââ¬â¢s quote, ââ¬Å"A weed is but an unloved flower,â⬠states that beauty is not found in items one considers to be ugly. Also, a person with an ugly heart can be known as a person with an unloving heart. Next, the definition of the word ugly isRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And Its Impact1877 Words à |à 8 PagesJim Crow laws. On the path to equality African Americans have used a variety of approaches to secure their basic rights. Over the course of this movement different voices have spoken with their message of basic human equality being the same. In this essay I will discuss the 3 phases of the Civil Rights movement and its impact today. As discussed in Chapter 10 of African American Politics there were three distinct phases of the era: lobbying (1905-1929), litigation (1930-1950) and direct action (1950-1968)Read MoreAnalysis Of The Writing Style Of Octavia Butler1432 Words à |à 6 Pages Tinotenda Muchenje Dr. Shinn Sophomore Seminar 25 September 2017 First Essay Assignment Kindred By Octavia Butler The writing style of Octavia Butler is heavily influenced by her historical period and her life experiences. This is evident through investigation of her historical period, life experiences, her novel; Kindred. Butlerââ¬â¢s writing is a unique mixture of neo- slave narratives, exaggerated tales, cultural rituals, fantasy, folklore, science fiction, and spirituality. Butler usesRead MoreA Brief Note On Basic And Non Basic Sentences2362 Words à |à 10 PagesCentral American countries, and is thus the official language of numerous countries, including Spain, Mexico, Costa Rica and Venezuela. (Worldatlas, 2015) The following essay will demonstrate and analyze basic and non-basic sentences in Spanish using Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) framework. Some of the example from this essay is created on my own, examples from other sources will be stated. Basic Sentences Spanish is a configuarational language but compare with English, the word order in SpanishRead MoreThe Struggles and Movement for Black America1646 Words à |à 7 PagesESSAY PART ONE: THESIS I. Introduction paragraph A. Thesis Statement Over the centuries, the African people have endured many trials, obstacles, and tribulations. From the moment that they were kidnapped from their homeland, and had been savagely placed in the cargo holds on ships to be sold into slavery to the American people, the Africans (now known in the United States of America as African Americans or Black people) have journey far to achieve, as well as, accomplished what was Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-62308928432955218702020-05-13T18:15:00.001-07:002020-05-13T18:15:03.264-07:00The Theory Used By Epicurus - 1078 Words All over the world, throughout all time eras, it seems as though humans have always been asking the fundamental question, what is goodness? Perspectives vary by culture, religion and from person to person depending on countless variables. This question particularly interested the philosophers Plato and Epicurus. Although both men had fully rational, valid, and interesting takes on the idea of goodness, my argument is that Epicurusââ¬â¢ ideology- in my opinion- is the most reasonable answer. In this essay, I will begin by explaining Epicurusââ¬â¢ hedonistic view, I will then explain why Plato dissents, and then I will finish off by explaining why I believe Epicurusââ¬â¢ idea is more reasonable. Hedonism- the idea that pleasure is the greatest good, was the ethical theory used by Epicurus to show us how to live a happy life. A prominent belief of his was that we needed to master our desires. To do this, we must first understand our desires and where they come from. This means being able to look at your desires, and understand those that are necessary for survival, for your happiness, and those which are not necessary at all. By doing this, Epicurus would say that you will be able to make wise decisions which will ultimately lead to a happy life. Epicurus makes the point saying that when we judge something, let s say a car for instance, we judge it based on how it makes us feel. Does this car give you pleasure? Does it irritate you or cause you pain? If it does cause you pain,Show MoreRelatedAll Great Minds Think Alike...Sometimes Essay1182 Words à |à 5 Pagessame direction. But in the case of great minds like Epicurus (342 ââ¬â 270 B.C.E.) and Epictetus (50 ââ¬â 130 C.E.), the road toward their common goal differed. Both Epicurus and Epictetus believe that it is in human nature to seek out pleasure and that happiness implicates serenity. However, Epicurus differs from Epictetus in that Epicurus does not believe that it is the virtues that bring about happiness, but rather, oneââ¬â¢s own pleasure. While both Epicurus and Epictetus confer their opinions on happinessRead MoreThe Ethical Theories Of Aristotle s Theory Of A Life Well Spent On The Planet959 Words à |à 4 Pageschapter on ethics. Aristotleââ¬â¢s theory on how we should live our lives is noble and worthy of being used as an example of what humans should attempt to become during the time allotted on the earth, but his theory seems to be unnecessarily complicated and tedious. Epicurus provides a theory that is more holistic but also is not without its defects, primarily that of treating the virtues as merely a means to an end. My want is to take portions of each philosopherââ¬â¢s theory and meld them into one synthesisRead MoreSuicide, may be said to happen, if and only if, there is an intentional end of someones life. The800 Words à |à 4 Pagesprovides no strong and fast answers about suicide - each case is separate rely on its consequences. It is disputable whether a person decease is legitimately reducing the amount of suffering and/or incremental the general prosperity. Utilitarianism, the theory of ethics which judges actions in condition of the consequences. If the consequences are good, then the actions are also good. If the consequences are not good, then the actions are also judge as not being good. Goodness is in deflect judged in conditionRead MoreReflection On Knowledge And Philosophy890 Words à |à 4 Pageswith the philosophy of Socrates. As I studied his work I found that Socrates pulled knowledge from others and formulating his philosophical theories. In his coined method, the Socratic Method he the questions in order to pull truth out of people. I do a lot of motivational speaking and preaching. I notice that without out knowledge of this method, I have used this for many years in order to get other to receive the message that I am trying to convey. I like to use situations and experiences that haveRead MoreThe Intellectual Movement Of Ancient Greece1624 Words à |à 7 Pagesthought. According to them, philosophical thinking, which st rictly focuses on the use of reason and logic (Pojman and Vaughn 2), offered the only tools that would allow them find the true sources of happiness. A prime example of a civilization that used critical thinking and reason to identify these seemingly complex elements were the ancient Greeks. Essentially, Greek philosophy attempted to find rational answers to basic questions about man and the universe (Owens). These questions included theRead MoreEpicurus And Epicureanism ( Pghc11181 )2053 Words à |à 9 PagesB099785 Epicurus and Epicureanism (PGHC11181) Epicurus on the Gods: Realism or Idealism? Conflict between two interpretative parties. It is commonly accepted that in antiquity people always believed in gods regardless of their stature. Taking into consideration the different periods of history, there have been observed cases of incredulity and skepticism as far as the existence of Gods was concerned. The disbelief over gods and generally divergences on the traditional way of treating gods developedRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Utilitarianism1642 Words à |à 7 Pagesbased his controversial sentiments of happiness on Jeremy Benthamââ¬â¢s utilitarianism, believing that goods are the means to greatest happiness for the greatest number of peoples. Epicurus, an Ancient Greek philosopher, who similarly encouraged people to follow his pleasure based philosophy to obtain happiness. Unlike Mill, Epicurusââ¬â¢ philosophy is based on individualistic hedonism, which often may seem more practical and acceptable. Although, Millââ¬â¢s utilitarianism is indeed a form of social hedonism ratherRead MoreWestern Civilization And Its Impact On Modern Society942 Words à |à 4 Pagesuniverse was made of, Anaximander continued the study along with Heraclitus. Democritus came up with the theory that the universe is made up of atoms. The four of these men together came up with the theory of, ââ¬Å"four simple substances made up the universe: fire, air earth, and waterâ⬠(McKay 59). One philosopher also came up with medical help, Hippocrates became the father of medicine because he used knowledge instead of magic to figure out the ââ¬Å"workings of the bodyâ⬠(McKay 59). Socrates later came aroundRead MoreDeath Is Not Death?2195 Words à |à 9 Pagesthe unknown. Epicurus however did not have any fear of death, he believed that death was simply nothing to us and that fearing being dead was senseless because we would not be present to actually experience it. According to Epicurus we should not fear death because our soul dies along with our bodies, because it is irrational to fear nonexistence as we have experienced it before and lastly because fearing death can only take away from us enjoying the short time we have on earth. Epicurus himself wasRead MoreDefining Characteristics From Western Civilization946 Words à |à 4 Pagesuniverse was made of, Anaximander continued the study along with Heraclitus. Democritus came up with the theory that the universe is made up of atoms. The four of these men together came up with the theory of, ââ¬Å"four simple substances made up the universe: fire, air earth, and waterâ⬠(McKay 59). One philosopher also came up with medical help, Hippocrates became the father of medicine because he used knowledge instead of magic to figure out the ââ¬Å"workings of the bodyâ⬠(McKay 59). Socrates later came around Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-47331400167755995602020-05-06T14:07:00.000-07:002020-05-06T14:08:00.822-07:00India Fashion Free Essays TABLE OF CONTENTS| | | Page| -| INTRODUCTION ââ¬â Indiaââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"designâ⬠leap forward? | 3| 1| INDIAââ¬â¢S UNIQUE ECONOMY ââ¬â AN OVERVIEW| 4| 2| FACETS OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY| | 2. 1| India in the last decade| | 2. 2| Infrastructure| | 2. We will write a custom essay sample on India Fashion or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3| Bureaucracy and Corruption| | 2. 4| Import tariffs| | 2. 5| Engineering skills| | 2. 6| Entrepreneurship| | 2. 7| Trade imbalances and inflation| | 2. 8| Indian Political scene| | 2. 9| People| | 3| THE PATH FORWARD| | 4| INDIAââ¬â¢S FASHION INDUSTRY ââ¬â TRULY GLOBALIZED? | | 4. 1| The Fashion Industry| | 4. 2| The Indian Fashion Industry| | 4. 2. 1| Factors driving growth| | . 2. 2| Local and Foreign players| | 4. 2. 3| Fashion design industry ââ¬â an example of Indiaââ¬â¢s design future| | 5| | | 5. 1| | | 5. 2| | | 5. 3| | | 5. 4| | | 5. 5| | | -| APPENDIX| | | | | INTRODUCTION Indiaââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëdesignââ¬â¢ leap forward? Abstract India has always been a unique country and this is especially true of how its economy has developed. Rather than aggressively pushing for export growth or attracting foreign direct investment like China and most others in Asia, Indiaââ¬â¢s unique setting, resources and boundaries led it to develop the service sector instead. Was this an ââ¬Ëaccidentalââ¬â¢ development or a purposeful push by the government? If purposeful in nature, what drove the Indian government to take such an approach? In fact, what are the key drivers (or should be the key drivers) on a macro-economic level that determine a countryââ¬â¢s developing path? In our paper, we would like to explore three areas specifically: The Indian government and its policy making, given infrastructure and institutions and finally Indiaââ¬â¢s political base to see if a conclusion can be made with regards to its economic development. With this macro environment understanding in place, we would then like to look from a micro-economic level and analyze how businesses can succeed within the India service industry given this framework. The latter question will be answered while evaluating the rapidly growing Indian ââ¬Å"desiâ⬠fashion industry as an example of the design future for Indian, which has become very much about focusing on the taste and preferences of locals in terms of design. Is there a way that foreign design firms might be able then compete given that the local companies are so in tuned with the local culture and tastes, not to mention cheaper? Would there be a way to educate the local consumers to adopt a ââ¬Ëbrand consciousââ¬â¢ mindset as the economy develops and the affluent community increases in size? Or will the culture remain a loyal to a ââ¬ËMade in Indiaââ¬â¢ concept for the years to come and hence be a waste of time for foreign firms to try and break that mold. With this paper we will try to address these issues to draw a conclusion and recommendation on how best to approach entering this unique and challenging market. 1. INDIAââ¬â¢S UNIQUE ECONOMY ââ¬â AN OVERVIEW India, with 1. 189 billion people (July 2011), is the second largest country behind China. Though only 30% of the total population is living in cities, the urbanization is taking place at 2. 4% per annum. Only 6% of the population is above 60 years. However, due to longer life expectancy at birth of 66. 8 years (2011), this segment is constantly growing. The population below 15 years remains relatively constant because on average every Indian woman is giving birth to 2. 6 children but with an infant mortality rate of 5%. It is important to mention that the working population age 15 to 59 will increase dramatically in the next five years from 720 to 800 million, seeking jobs and enlarging the economy. The government is spending 3. 1% of GDP on education in order to increase literacy rate (only 61% of Indians above the age of 15 can read and write) in order to prepare a young workforce to enter the labour market [Data based on CIA fact book 2011]. India and China were the biggest economies until approximately 200 years ago because they had the biggest populations and size was a dominant factor in economic output. Once the industrial revolution commenced in England in 1800s, followed by the information revolution in the late twentieth-century, mere size mattered less. First the Europeans, and then the Americans leveraged technology to increase GDP in absolute terms and on a per capita basis. Now, India and China are developing fast, and are moving up in the world in GDP terms. In 2010, Indiaââ¬â¢s GDP in purchase parity was $3. 92 trillion and listed as fourth-largest economy in the world after the US, China and Japan. . FACETS OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY 2. 1India in the last decade It is interesting to note that while services now make up more than 50% of the GDP of India, it wasnââ¬â¢t that long ago that India was also embarking on the conventional path towards an advance economy through the typical agriculture to manufacturing route. After all, Japan, then Taiwan and South Korea, and now China have demonstrated that manufacturing can accelerate development because its output can be exporte d to rich countries. However, in Indiaââ¬â¢s case, while export and trade rules were relatively lax at the time, the domestic market was one where there were massive protectionism laws in place, so much so it became known as a ââ¬Ëlicense rajââ¬â¢. At that point in time, India had just gained independence and eager to boost export growth while still protecting local industries and expertise. The reality was however, that this strategy was a failure and led to a much slower growth rate than its neighbour leading it soon to a brink of bankruptcy in 1991, despite the ââ¬ËGreen revolutionââ¬â¢ and massive growth of its agricultural segment. Looking back however, this phase might have actually ââ¬Ësavedââ¬â¢ India and probably served as the platform where Indiaââ¬â¢s true growth began. The Prime Minister then Narashimha Rao and Finance Minister Mammohan Singh, with fresh money from the IMF and conditions of the loan, engineered sweeping economic reforms throughout India which included steps to remove the ââ¬Ëlicense rajââ¬â¢ that it had became. In tandem with this, tariffs were reduced along with interest rates. Many public monopolies were also removed, markets were opening up and automatic approvals for foreign investment were granted into many areas (but not all). The results from these reforms have been impactful. As mentioned in the earlier section, India is now the 4th largest economy by purchasing power parity and has been experiencing an average GDP growth rate of 8. 5% since 2005, making it second only to China in terms of growing economies. Additionally, despite the global economic slowdown, for FY11, India is still expected to achieve at least 7. 5% growth for its GDP. This is partially due to the fact that its domestic consumption is extremely strong and this helps to insulate it from external shocks. Looking a bit closer at the GDP split, one would find that services now make up the bulk of it, accounting for 56% of the GDP while the industrial and agricultural sectors represent 29% and 15% respectively as of 2010, a sharp turnaround for India when compared to the 1970s where agriculture used to be the shining star of growth, contributing close to 42% of the overall GDP. In addition, the contribution from the industry sector only increased from 21% to 29% during the last 40 years, which is very unimpressive when compared to the services sector. Source: Worldbank With the various reforms also comes increased foreign investment into the country. This has amounted to some 178 billion USD between 2000 and 2010, a massive jump from 1991 where it was only averaging USD $200 million per year before in FDIs. Among some of Indiaââ¬â¢s key investors include Mauritius, Singapore and USA which rank 1st, 2nd and 3rd respectively, with interests in such investment obviously gaining ground given Indiaââ¬â¢s significant potential and prospects of high profitability. As discussed above, the strong domestic consumption has led to a lot of overseas investment into the country and the government has been doing its share to promote such FDIs, through the continued removal of investment caps across all the industries. There still remain an unfinished agenda of permitting greater FDI in politically sensitive areas such as insurance and retailing, though at least for retailing, some steps have recently been taken to open this market. A deep dive into where this foreign investment is going also reveals, not surprisingly, that a substantial amount or about 23% of total FDI equity goes into the services sector, followed then by the IT and telecommunication segments. 2. 2Infrastructure An important element to take note of is that Indiaââ¬â¢s economic growth stands on a weak foundation as highways, bridges and airports are not up to international standards. Average speed on highways is only 20 miles per hour due to road congestions and generally its roads are of poor quality. Economic losses resulting from such poor infrastructure are estimated to be $6 billion per year according to the Federal Planning Commission. In India, highways or expressways constitute only about 67,000 km and while this makes up only 2% of all roads, they carry 40% of the road traffic! The government has been trying to resolve this by setting up a multiple stage National Highway Development Project (NHDP) with its signature project ââ¬Å"Golden Quadrilateralâ⬠. The goal of this project is to connect the most populous cities of Chennai, Bangalore, Pune and Mumbai. This has been partly completed in 2011 cutting the travel time on the 1335km route from Chennai to Mumbai from 90 hours to 48 hours (a significant 47% reduction). However, multiple check posts and mobile squads remain a source of corruption, not to mention traffic obstruction on highways and toll stations. Various entry restrictions into cities also slow down the transportation of goods. Since cargo traffic is estimated to grow by 15 ââ¬â 18% annually, the Indian government is spending $78. 5 billion over the next five years and is additionally trying to attract foreign direct investments for road development projects, granting 100% income tax exemption for a period of 10 years to private investors. It is also disappointing that Indiaââ¬â¢s vast railroad network of more than 60,000 km is not as effectively used for goods transportation as compared to China. One reason is a different standard of broad gauge (80%) and narrow auge (20%). The government has thankfully recognized this and is now investing $5 billion into building dedicated freight corridors in the Western and Eastern routes (Delhi ââ¬â Mumbai and Delhi ââ¬â Kolkata). More significantly, India has opened the freight transportation sector to competition erasing CONCORââ¬â¢s previous monopoly of container movement by rail. Source: Worldbank database Power is another issue as many cities and economic zones suffer from unstable power supply along with shortages of fresh water. India is generating 122 Gigawatts of power from coal-fired plants (57%), hydro power (25%), gas (10%), nuclear power plants (3%) and 5% from renewable sources (wind, solar). There is a silver lining here though. While generation, transmission and distribution is in the hands of public sector companies or state electricity boards, the private sector companies and international players are increasingly investing in Indiaââ¬â¢s energy sector (for example Tata Power has a capacity of 2,203 MW, China Light ; Power provides 655 MW). Unfortunately, despite these investments, there is still a large demand / supply gap of 7 to 12% according to Indian investment commission. It is also precisely because of its weak infrastructure that some foreign companies choose other countries in South East Asia, for example Thailand or Vietnam to set-up manufacturing sites. 2. 3Bureaucracy and Corruption Despite Indiaââ¬â¢s best efforts to remove its ââ¬Ëlicence rajââ¬â¢ stigma, there still exists a fair amount of bureaucracy. The Indian Times summed it up aptly with an article it ran on 3rd June 2009, titled: Indiaââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ësuffocating bureaucracyââ¬â¢ worst in Asia! A survey by the Hong-Kong based Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC) compared 12 Asian nations towards business friendliness.. Source: World Bank ââ¬Å"Doing Businessâ⬠Publication In the abovementioned article, 1,274 expatriates working in the 12 leading Asian nations found Singapore, Hong-Kong and Thailand to be the most efficient countries followed by South Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Vietnam, China, Philippines and Indonesia. India came in last with its bureaucracy described as ââ¬Å"suffocatingâ⬠and interaction with civil servants perceived as a ââ¬Å"slow and painful processâ⬠. This is a serious issue not just for its reputation to the outside world, but also domestically. According to World Bank figures, India ranks among the worldââ¬â¢s worst countries at encouraging entrepreneurs. India is ranked a lowly 166th out of 183 countries in terms of ease of starting a business and second last with regards to enforcing contracts. In addition to bureaucracy, India also suffers from an alarmingly high level of corruption. The 2011 Li-Na report reveals the following: Other organizations like Transparency International ranked India 73 out of the 102 countries in its Corruption Perception Index (2008) and the World Economic Forum positions India 44th amongst 49 countries surveyed. Over the past two decades since the end of the ââ¬Å"license rajâ⬠in the 1990s, the Indian economy has gradually opened up along with the governmentââ¬â¢s relaxation on its tightly controlled policies. On the contrary, corruption in turn has become standard in most business processes. One would find the formal route of setting up a business extremely difficult in India and it is only through bribery that various processes can move or speed up. 2. 4Import Tariffs Despite steadily opening up its economy, India has however maintained high import tariffs, especially when compared with other countries. Before the 1990s, average tariffs exceeded 200% and quantitative restrictions on imports were extensive. Post 1990, India has been taking steps to cautiously reform tariffs and focus only on goods and services of highest necessity. This has resulted in Indiaââ¬â¢s trade to GDP ratio increasing from 15% to 35% between 1990 and 2005 according to World Bank. Non-agricultural tariffs have fallen below 15% and quantitative restrictions on imports have been eliminated. However, that does not mean India is a completely free market as the government has maintained a degree of economic protectionism. For instance, agricultural tariffs remain between 30-40% and anti-dumping measures have been used to protect trade. There have also been numerous requests by the US to the Indian Ministry of Commerce to reduce tariffs on industrial goods, especially in key segments like commercial air lines. On the other hand, India has recently been pushing for a more liberal global trade regime, especially in services where it is strongest in. So India must find some way to reconcile the 2 issues here. 2. 5Engineering skills In 2008 approximately 350. 000 students graduated from college holding an engineering degree, 23,000 with a Masters degree in engineering and only 1,000 students were awarded with a PhD degree. These figures were estimates by Rangan Banerjee and Vinayak Purushottam Muley, both employed by the IIT in Bombay. The number of engineering graduates has been growing significantly over the last years and is now larger than in America. However quantity does not mean quality. According to a survey of local companies, only 4% of Indianââ¬â¢s engineers are immediately fit to work for software firms and only 18% are employable in the IT sector (McKinseyââ¬â¢s survey of international firms: 25% of graduates pass IT industry-specific requirements). Hiring companies need to put a lot of emphasis on training on the job in order to bring Indian engineers up to mark. 2. 6Entrepreneurship Author Raghav Bahl argues in his book ââ¬Å"Super Power? â⬠that the Indian entrepreneurship trumps the Chinese due to more private ownership, intense competition and high productivity in India. In his book he describes an interview with George Soros in December 2006, asking him about Indiaââ¬â¢s competitive advantage over China. ââ¬Å"Entrepreneurship! â⬠was the answer. According to Soros, India had already brought up companies with world-class reputation (Tata, Infosys) which is something China lacks. According to the author ââ¬Å"entrepreneurship is embedded in Indian genesâ⬠and he points to the communication industry which was liberalized approximately 15 years ago. Since then the number of TV channels and newspapers have exploded and the telecom industry has now 500 million customers and is adding 15 million per month under extreme competitive conditions. The tough competitive environment demands for high productivity. Since the private sector in India is footed on common law, entrepreneurs can act in a legal thus predictable framework without fearing expropriation. The result is that Indianââ¬â¢s private sector is booming and is only facing hindrances of the states bureaucracy and poor infrastructure. China, with its massive population, does have its fair share of entrepreneurs of course, but the business environment in China is even more challenging as compared to India. In China, the state and the numerous state-owned enterprises with their easy credit access, are the biggest enemies to the private sector. According to Marshall Meyer (Wharton Business School) ââ¬Å"the government will always remain in control of the 100 largest firms in Chinaâ⬠. The tight control limits competition and the drive towards higher productivity. 2. 7Trade imbalance and inflation Trade imbalance has always been a sore point for India where it has always suffered a trade deficit. Part of this can be explained by the strength of the domestic market and hence the reliance of the GDP growth on it. This trade deficit has however increased significantly over the years and currently stands at some USD $16 billion as of August 2011. Together with this, annual Inflation has also increased significantly and is currently standing at close to 10% in 2011, way above the generally acceptable levels of 6%. This rise in inflation is despite the India Central bankââ¬â¢s efforts to contain this through multiple interest rate hikes. However, Indiaââ¬â¢s inflation is caused more by structural factors in the economy, including some discussed above like poor infrastructure, lack of skilled workers and low productivity in agriculture ââ¬â which will require major policy reforms to tackle, rather than simply increasing interest rate. All these factors combined can pose a significant challenge for India moving forward. Inflation does not just affect the cost of goods for the domestic market and hence affordability. It also affects the strength of the Rupee, Indiaââ¬â¢s national currency. The strength of the rupee has been steadily decreasing over the years compared against the dollar and this in the long term would affect Indiaââ¬â¢s competitiveness. Granted, India is still very much a consumption led market. When compared with many Asian emerging economies, this advantage has narrowed down over the years, especially given the fact that India now imports almost two thirds of its oil requirements from overseas markets. Additionally, while the overseas debt has gone up to $306 billion at the end of March 2011 from $221 billion at the end of March 2008, the cushion of foreign exchange reserves was stable and decreased slightly to $305 billion from $310 billion over the same period, which is a worrying trend. The main reason why internal public debt has increased in India during in the last decades was the requirement of funds to finance various developmental programmes as both tax and non-tax revenues were totally inadequate to finance the government expenditure. The external public debt in India Increased significantly during 1961-2004 as it was utilized to make import payments and solve balance of payment problems. The tremendous rise in total public debt in India during 1991-2004 provides an alarming signal to Indian economy. 2. 8Indian Political scene Indiaââ¬â¢s political scene has always been an interesting one. It is the worldââ¬â¢s largest democracy where literally everyone has a voice and this has on more than one occasion, resulted in slow and costly decision making. While there is a central government in place comprising of the standard hierarchy of politicians and parliament, the states themselves also have their own legislative environment, which differ greatly from one another due to the significant autonomy that they continue to enjoy. In terms of political parties, there are 2 main coalitions: The Indian National Congress (current ruling party) and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). As such, it is unfortunate to note that while Indian National Congress has a majority in the current ruling government and even control some state assemblies, it has failed since to implement any significant reform programs. This is in part due to the complex nature of the Indian political scene, but more important than that is the amount of time and energy spent to manage several high profile corruption cases, the most significant of which (as discussed above) was for the 2010 Commonwealth games and the auctioning of the 2G wireless spectrum. As such, while India has built up a profile of being a hot bed for FDI, this volatile political scene has also detracted some countries like the UAE from investing as well. 2. 9People As a last part of Indiaââ¬â¢s growth story, we also thought it be interesting to explore if the lives have improved over the years as well. After all, a key part of growth is to ensure the peopleââ¬â¢s standard of living goes up. There are bright spots of course. Gross income per capita has experienced astonishing growth, reaching USD $,219 in 2010, up from close to USD $400 back in 2000, in line with the growth of India to some extent. This represents almost 14% growth on average over the last 10 years. However, such massive growth is not without its problems. The middle class has exploded within India, reaching 32% of the overall population in 2010, and while the service segment has boomed, it only accounts for 20% of total employment in India. Majority of the people are still farmers by trade, working within the agriculture segment that is protected within India but now only accounts for 15% of its overall GDP. In addition, according to the registrar of India, the number of young adults aged between 15 and 50 years will reach 800 million by 2016. This means that the number of people entering the workforce will shoot up dramatically over the next few years. The question then is where are the new jobs going to come from? It is not a realistic expectation for the service segment to dramatically increase employment by another 20 points and the manufacturing segment isnââ¬â¢t growing fast enough to contain this population, which in China has taken on the main bulk of the employment. . THE PATH FORWARD As per the introduction, this paper will attempt to argue that India should look to develop another industry ââ¬â the Design industry. Why such a specialized segment? What is critical for both India and its MNCs is the ability to build a global brand. There are 2 typical routes taken by companies to establish themselves are as shown below: Route A is the more conservative approach where a co mpany looks to develop a consistent revenue stream before embarking on its own brand. Route B, while more risky, brings much faster rewards should one be successful as seen from the likes of HTC and Giordano. The profits reaped however are quite significantly different. Just simply becoming an ODM, yields a 6% increase in terms of margin when compared to just being a simple OEM, primarily because of the additional value one can bring. Requires market and technology competencies Becoming a design hub would also enable India to grow its manufacturing segment at a much faster pace. India has the potential to become a complete solution provider ââ¬â it is already strong in consultancy and services not to mention a big pool of engineers and scientists, and it has a lot of land available to set up manufacturing plants. Plus it has a large and still relatively low cost labour market. Hence, domestic players who are strong in the services piece can build up its manufacturing capabilities quite easily to up the ante. International firms who already have plants in India, can tap onto the big brain pool and potentially bring lots more RD investment into India. So in terms of helping India grow both from a brand and FDI perspective, we felt that becoming a design hub is key. Additionally, design is really the driver of profits as it is the key differentiator for a lot of products, which in turn lead to higher price points and consumer willingness to pay. Apple and its iPhone is the perfect example of this. The great part about all this is that design innovation can cross all industries from automotive to design to FMCGs etc, which also means it is not a niche segment that will fizzle out after a period of time. The question is what should India do to develop this segment quickly and effectively, and the rest of the paper will be devoted to that using fashion as a case for analysis. 4. INDIAââ¬â¢S FASHION INDUSTRY ââ¬â TRULY GLOBALISED? 4. 1The Fashion Industry The worldââ¬â¢s fashion industry was born together with modernisation, even though fashion has been in existence for more than five thousand years. And with industrialisation, continuous technological advancements and global capitalisation from the 20th century onwards, the fashion industry has contributed to a significant share of the worldââ¬â¢s output. A study on emerging fashion markets showed that India, amongst countries like South Africa, the UAE, Singapore, Russia and Brazil had emerged as a new and unique player in this global industry since year 2000. In many of these countries, one of the key growth drivers identified was actually government support. Others mentioned are factors such increased awareness of international brands and higher demand for fashion as countries globalised (Grial Research Sep 2009). For India, the government had not played any key role in its emergence in the fashion industry. We would want to explore what the key drivers are, and how they can be used to plot Indian fashion on the global success map. In Asia, China is the biggest apparel and fashion market with domestic clothing sales worth US$33. 1 billion in year 2008 (Price Waterhouse Coopers report). As the Chinese are relatively more brand conscious than most Asians, the high-end fashion market is actually dominated by key brand names of US, Europe, Japan and Korea in China. As for India, it is the third largest in apparel market after China and Japan ($31. 8 billion ââ¬â Willy Barker. com) with US$5. 8 billion (PWC report). Refer to Chart A. With experts looking to the fashion industry in Asia for good growth potential, China and India are expected to have double-digit growth in sales in the next two years. 4. 2The Indian Fashion Industry In a McKinsey report on Indiaââ¬â¢s fast-growing apparel market, Indiaââ¬â¢s apparel sales was expected to reach an estimated US$25 billion by end of year 2010 (McKinsey Jun 2010). In fact, apparel is the second largest retail category (behind food and groceries), and this growth of double digits showed that the great potential of this industry will continue to see strong and positive expansionistic opportunities. With that we do expect to see faster growth in the Indian fashion industry. How true is that? In order to know whether it can be true, we will need to understand the underlying factors, key drivers and perhaps the ways of overcoming constraints of this industry. In addition, it is important to look from inside out as well as outside in and explore whether Indian fashion can be truly globalised and whether foreign industry players stand a chance in penetrating the Indian market. All in all, with potential growth in Indian fashion design, it will push its manufacturing requirements, and truly globalize Indian fashion as well as setting pace and example in an important industry for India to carry through from design innovation throughout all industries, just like fashion design is trying to do. . 2. 1Factors driving growth Indeed there are several key drivers which drove, and most of these will probably continue to drive the local domestic fashion industry to greater heights. These can be grouped into 3 key areas; mainly the increasing disposable income of Indians with economic growth driving GDP per capita from US$329 in 1991 (Wiki) to an expected US$2,110 by year 2016 (refer to Chart B); 1991 2016 2010 Indian youthââ¬â¢s behaviours and exp ectations of fashion; as well as Indian-Western fusion and influence. These are definitely interrelated and formed a powerful driving force which will continue to shape the Indian fashion industry, as well as how Indian fashion can be truly globalized. Figure A on the main growth drivers for Indian fashion industry Real average household disposable income in India has more than doubled since 20 years ago by about US$2,000 per household (Earthpulse). In addition, the middle class portion is expected to continue a significant growth rate and this will create a robust consumer market internally in India. With stronger purchasing power, fashion products will definitely see faster growth as such goods have been proven to be demanded as people become richer. Latest figures (refer to Chart C) show that comparing year 2007 through to year 2010, Indiaââ¬â¢s gross and disposable income has grown by almost 50%, and with this comes prospering urban consumer lifestyle which push for stronger demand for fashion, given more social opportunities as Indians evolved to have richer tastes and improved social and work lives. At 29% of population residing in cities, India has one of the lowest urbanisation rates in the world (McKinsey report), and this shows the potential upward growth as Indians continue to stream into the urbanised cities to work and live, and with that will continue to demand strongly for new styles and fashions in order to stay relevant to the rest of the more developed societies, which is part and parcel of urbanization and changing cultures in growing ad developing countries. Also, with higher disposable income, it pushes more businesses, both foreign and local enterprises to expand in hope of being first movers in many areas and aspects of fashion such that they will be the preferred brands or choices as Indians grow richer by the day. As such, larger shopping malls are opening and many are focussing on apparels and other fashionable items. In addition, with the increase in the usage of credit cards with more Indians holding jobs in bigger companies, there is no doubt that this factor will continue to drive consumer demand, and definitely the fashion industry growth. The second driver is really the change in the demographics of the Indian population. With better education, younger age groups, more exposure to foreign ideas and stuff through growing internet users and all, the youthful Indian population (in comparison with aging societies of Japan and China) have refreshed the fashion and apparels market with fresh and new ideas, and as a result, even traditional costumes such as saris are modernised and being worn differently, and India has also seen many renowned designers on the international scene. Coupled with things like the launch of new programs and courses in various Indian schools, such as Indian School of Business launched ââ¬Å"Business of Fashion: Strategic Brand Managementâ⬠, there is much greater promotion of fashion and push of local designers and the industry to an international level. Rising affluence of the younger generation has also increased the brand awareness of Indian consumers, thus helping India moving closer to the Chinese standards of brand consciousness, giving rise to the vibrancy of the fashion industry. Hence, as Indiaââ¬â¢s economy continues to grow stronger, and with the help of a sustainable youthful population, the Indian fashion industry can be boosted with much more international exposure and clientele, thus truly globalizing this industry to attract and promote Indian fashion products and output internationally to a greater level of competitiveness. Another important driver is really the fusion of Indian and Western tastes and perhaps some parts of culture, which has gradually influence the lives and lifestyles of Indian nationals. This can be attributed to several reasons such as the ever growing number of foreign multinational companies setting up branches and even regional headquarters in India; the ââ¬Å"bombardmentâ⬠of foreign television programs, all thanks to cable TV, as well as movies and the Internet which played a big role in educating and updating Indians of the latest global fashions and trends; many more Indians receiving education overseas as compared to previous 20 years. As a result, this mixing of the East and West has also provided a unique Indian fashion line and trend which has given foreign fashion lines a run for their money. Also, Indians themselves for opting for more Western, especially American and European styles of fashion as compared to traditional clothing, although it will still take many decades and generations to dilute the traditional Indian clothing. This fusion is essential for Indians to embrace the fast pace changes that we are seeing in the fashion industry globally, and enable them to quickly adapt and even be able to set trends for the future. 4. 2. 2Local and foreign players Being one of the oldest civilisations in the world, Indian fashion has combined tradition, culture and modernisation to become an emerging market since year 2000. Fusions of Indian and Western styles have dominated the catwalks of Indiaââ¬â¢s various fashion weeks, which have become popular and saw strong demands locally and overseas. Since year 2000, India has organised an increasing number of fashion weeks, such as Delhi fashion week and Lakme India Fashion Week, which are annual events showcasing the works of the nationââ¬â¢s best fashion designers. This has attracted local and foreign purchasers, facilitating business opportunities as well as giving local talents the platform to globalise their designs. Lakme 13th India Fashion week which attracted many buyers both locally and abroad With recognition and the foresight of continuous strong growth, in year 2008, a group of established Indian designers founded the Fashion Foundation of India (FFI) and it aims to help all local designers and the fashion industry grow internationally. At a particular Delhiââ¬â¢s fashion week, about 70 out of 150 buyers came from abroad, and this numbers continues to grow as more overseas buyers recognized the popularity of Indian fashion. With the local scene doing well with their local product designs, given that more and more Indian grown companies are also moving into the fashion and apparels markets, such as ITC (Imperial Tobacco Company of India Ltd) creating Wills Lifestyle with 61 stores in 34 states, Trent, Reliance Retail, Indiabulls, etc. , the fashion and apparel sector are bound to see double digit growth for the next 5 to 10 years, and this is a boom for the apparel manufacturing industry indeed. In addition, India is attracting foreign investment in fashion as well. We see the country being a focus for Inditex, the Spanish clothing retailer which opened 25 Zara shops in year 2010 in partnership with the Tata group. Another international renowned fashion company who had made their debut in India since a few years ago opened its third store in Mumbai selling international as well as local designs which includes exclusive sari designs which sold for between USD $6,000 to $8,000 each piece, targeting at the expanding luxury market in India. Although Hermes (French) did not divulge whether their sari designers are locals, but from the design, it appeared obvious that Indian designers would definitely had played a key role. Hermes is definitely not the only company that had launched Indian collections. Other luxury brands like Todââ¬â¢s (Italian) and Prada have gone into the market with the ââ¬Å"Indian touchâ⬠of silk satin clutches, woven sandals and embroidered cotton dresses which are typically made in India! From the above, we can see that there is very strong foreign interest in Indian design and thereafter manufacturing in fashion products locally as most foreign players see the great potential of Indian consumer market given its strong growth in GDP per capita and other factors as already discussed earlier. The challenge for these global brands will be how they can translate the interest and investments into successes. One area is of course trade barriers which should see changes if the Indian government wish to liberalize this sector further. 4. 2. Fashion design industry ââ¬â an example of Indiaââ¬â¢s design future Confidence is for sure to be going the positive way as even the worldââ¬â¢s leading fashion and style consultancy firm, WGSN, had set foot in India with the intention to partner with the Indian fashion industry to identify the opportunities and the process to become a global player. WGSN had planned to focus on the whole fleet which included fashion designers, m anufacturers and retailers by helping them move up the value chain to tap on more and bigger opportunities both in the local scene as well as in the global fashion design industry. As quoted in an Economist article on Indian fashion design future, it stated that ââ¬Å"It is Indiaââ¬â¢s potential as a source of future design stars that attracts the foreignersâ⬠. Many foreign players are really looking for that ââ¬Å"polished diamondâ⬠, i. e. designs or designers, which are able to combine Western cuts with Indiaââ¬â¢s talent for embellishment and its famously fine textiles. However, many Indian designers also lack the organisational skills and infrastructure needed to handle large orders. But as Indian designers attract investors, their business skills will no doubt improve. And as discussed in the macro analysis earlier, there are many constraints atypical in hindering exponential growth which basically applies in impending the faster growth in the Indian fashion industry as well. These are constraints such as poor infrastructure, inflexible labour laws, even the difficulty of growing from small to big because of conservative banking systems, etc. We can see that more has to be done for the fashion design industry, which will be further elaborated in the next section of this paper. Depending on current fashion institutes, and push from Indian domestic designers such as Rina Dhaka, Anamika Khanna and Manish Arora who have gained some success in the international scene and are trying to push more for this industry through creation of associations like FFI (Fashion Foundation of India), this will still not be sufficient in growing faster unless the government re-look at their own strategies and is able to see the importance of the fashion design industry in driving both the fashion industrial and service sectors, as well as to put a name for India in international fashion arena. With this, we draw parallel to other Indian industries (IT, Healthcare, Higher-end consumables) which too can ride on design to bring about a positive and effective change in the value chain of India, and as such may bring India to the next level in climbing up the ladder of being the worldââ¬â¢s main heavy weight in economic power in competition with China. An example which can show how many are envisioning this trend and are trying to ride on the bandwagon to perhaps have first moverââ¬â¢s advantage is the fact that IDEO, the worldââ¬â¢s top design and innovation consultancy firm, has landed in India. It is pretty obvious that IDEO has recognised the potential of India and Indians being groomed to put design and innovation in their move to grow the economy exponentially All of IDEOââ¬â¢s work is done in consideration of the capabilities of our clients and the needs of their customers. As we iterate toward a final solution, we assess and reassess our designs. Our goal is to deliver appropriate, actionable, and tangible strategies. The result: new, innovative avenues for growth that are grounded in business viability and market desirability. Extract: IDEOââ¬â¢s website And it is truly what the Indian government can concentrate on, and that is to use design and innovation as key drivers in improving the performance of both the local industrial and service sectors, which will in turn improve the Indian economy tremendously and the lives of Indians with more jobs and economic stability, moving from Third World to First World country for all Indian humanity. 5. COMPARISON WITH CHINA The ancient Chinese strategist and philosopher, Sun Tze has once said ââ¬Å"if you know the enemy and know yourself, you need to fear the result of a hundred battlesâ⬠. This also applied for India in order to formula its strategy in developing the design industry. In the previous section, we have done the detailed analysis about Indian economic and the direction for its economic development direction, in this section we will discuss how should India compete in the global market. Firstly of all, we shall identify Indiaââ¬â¢s main competitor in the individual industry. For the manufacturing industry, base on the market size, Indiaââ¬â¢s main competitors are mainly China, Japan and Korea, which are mainly within the same geographical area. For the service industry, Indiaââ¬â¢s main competitors are mainly USA, China. For the design industry, Indiaââ¬â¢s main competitors are Italy, USA, China. As we can tell that, in each of the industry, China is the overall main competitor for India. Since China and India both are leaders in the emerging market countries, both are having similar competitive advantages (massive labor resource, cheap but high skill workers, high GDP growth etc), there are more and more competitions between the two. A further analysis shows that China has already made a leap in the development of its design industry. Referring to the Forbes global 2000 companies list, we can tell that there are few Indian companies in the product renovation relevant industry, the majority of the listed Indian companies are in the Banking industry, Steel Manufacturing Industry and Natural resource related Industry; however, there are many Chinese companies in the list are famous for their product innovation ; design, for example, Lenovo Group is the global leader in PC design ; manufacturing industry, ZTE is famous for its network equipment design ; innovation and TCL is famous for the electronic appliance innovation and design. In order for India to compete in the manufacturing with the leap of design industry, we think that it is reasonable for India to study how China developed its design industry, and base on the comparison, Indian may take some lesson learn from China. Chinese government recognizes the importance of design ; innovation in 1980s. Since then, the government has taking stepping in helping to develop its design industry. Basically, China takes 3 steps to develop its design industry. The first step is to establish the education system for the industry. In 1984, China setup the first design course in Hunan University, Since then, there are more any and more students graduated with major in industry design or fashion design. Till now there are nearly 10. 000 students graduated with major in industrial design from 400 colleges every year. This large talent pool provides an enhanced support for China to develop its design industry. This is also one of the major factor that many multinational design related companies are setting up its design innovation centre or R;D centre in China. The second step is to establish the design industry network across the country. China has established 34 design associations all over. There are more than 30 design festivals and nearly 50 seminars in China every year, many of these events are sponsored by the Chinese government. The government also encourage and promoting the design ; innovation by introduce country wide awards to motivate designers. For example, since 2005, the government established the honoured activities selecting ââ¬Å"China Top Ten Outstanding Young Designersâ⬠every year. Also, since 2006, the government establish the national industrial design award ââ¬Å"Red Starâ⬠annually. The third step is to support the Local companies and projects. The government has made plans to introduce national support to develop the fashion ; design industry by providing funding for design projects. There are also government policies to encourage design related firms to develop. Overall, China has achieved progressive result in developing its design industry. In 2009, Chinese government produced an advertisement of a international image promoting ââ¬Å"Made in Chinaâ⬠brand and aired on CNN Asia. This ad is deliberately made to rebuild and strengthen the ââ¬Å"Made in Chinaâ⬠reputation. However, it also shows that China has taking he product branding into a national level, the government may be is aiming for promote ââ¬Å"Design in Chinaâ⬠in the near future. 6. PATH TO VICTORY? India may take reference in Chinese government leading example in development its design industry. Base on the previous discuss, we think India should recognize the need for the country to development its design industry, at the mean time learn from its competitors and apply the strategies according to its own market needs. Referring to Chinaââ¬â¢s strategies, there are four recommendations we think Indian may consider: The first recommendation is that Indian should support the design education. Although there are two global top design schools in India, however, there are not many schools offering design as a specialization. Even within the two top schools, there are reports shows that the facilities for design faculty are very limited and students do not have exposal to the international design industry. We think that Indian should recognize that in order to develop the industry, there must be enough talents available. Indian government may consider the following strategies to support the design education. 1. The government can identify several schools in each state to introduce to design course. The government should consider provide funds for the school to recruits staff either from the industry or from overseas. 2. The government should encourage the internal national design company to open branch office in India. This local operation of the overseas design company will generate the market demand for the design talents and attract more youngster to take the design related courses. 3. The government should establish international activities to provide international exposal to Indian schools and the students. The second recommendation is that India should consider establishing its design network across the country. India is also a big country; it should also consider establishing the design association in each state. We understand that for India, the local state government may have more resource and authority in local development; we recommend the central government to provide the policy to guide the local state government to encourage a close connection between design associations in each state. The third recommendation is that India should consider establishing a regional design centre. In this way, India may take the opportunity to link the work design industry with the design centre and spread to each state across the country. One city India can consider to label as the design centre is Bombay, since Bombay is named as the commercial ; entertainment capital. The fourth recommendation is that the India government should consider encouraging the local companies to develop its design and innovation strength. The government may provide the funding support for design projects. This will help the Indian companies to development a sustainable model. Price + Value In order for a business to sustain, there are basically four key factors: investment, productivity, human development and product quality. The education support in recommendation 1 will help to provide a sufficient high skill work force for the company to develop its design arm. The initial government funding will provide the investment for the company to develop the product design and innovation. The introduction of the new drive force for the product design ; innovation will contribute to the increased value in the product quality and increase the productivity. The business sustainability will also help to sustain the design industry to develop. APPENDIX for references 1) http://zeenews. india. com/news/nation/india-s-suffocating-bureaucracy-worst-in-asia-survey_536445. tml 2) http://www. li. com/attachments/EntrepreneursIndia2011. pdf 3) http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052970204479504576639233537716542. html#project%3DISTARTUP1011%26articleTabs%3Darticle 4) http://business-standard. com/india/news/us-wants-india-to-decrease-tariffsindustrial-goods/374667/ 5) http://web. worldbank. org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTR IES/SOUTHASIA 6) http://www. forbes. com/2010/10/13/india-china-entrepreneur-markets-economy-raghav-bahl-book-excerpt. html 7) http://www. li. com/attachments/EntrepreneursIndia2011. pdf 8) http://en. wikipedia. org/ ) Grail research on Global Fashion Industry ââ¬â Growth in Emerging Markets (Sep 2009) 10) http://www. merinews. com/ ââ¬â Article on Indian fashion industry becomes global (2nd Mar 2008) 11) McKinsey ; Company reports a. Indiaââ¬â¢s fast-growing apparel market (Jun 2010) b. Made in India ââ¬â The next big manufacturing export story 12) http://blogs. wsj. com/indiarealtime/2011/10/12/hermes-goes-local-with-india-sari-launch/ 13) Forbes ââ¬â Fast Fashion Zara in India (29th Jul 2010) 14) Price Waterhouse Coopers ââ¬â Strong and Steady 2011 Outlook for the Retail and Consumer Products Sector in Asia 15) http://willslifestyle. om/Season21/lounge. html 16) http://www. earthpulse. com/ PARKING LOT Easy access to credits for the private sector i did not write anything about it! ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â [ 1 ]. http://www. forbes. com/global2000/ [ 2 ]. http://www. chinahush. com/2009/12/02/made-in-china-ad-campaign-and-its-secrets/ [ 3 ]. http://nitawriter. wordpress. com/2007/12/11/india-has-two-of-the-best-design-schools-in-the-world/ How to cite India Fashion, Papers Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-31233362888038162382020-05-05T12:59:00.001-07:002020-05-05T12:59:03.505-07:00Much Ado about Something Essay Example For Students Much Ado about Something Essay Much Ado about SomethingMy opinion about the movie, Much Ado about Nothing, is that it was a very good movie. This movie had just about everything that makes a movie good. It had drama, romance, action, and most importantly it had comedy. This movie is one of the funniest movies I have ever seen. Even though they spoke in Shakespearean language, the characters expressions were enough to make anyone rollover and laugh. The cast of the movie was well organized, because every one of them played the part as if the movie was written for them. Much Ado about Nothing is a very good movie because it is dramatic, romantic, and funny. The drama in this movie was very thick and plentiful. Especially when the Princes brother, Don John, was trying to stop Claudio from marrying his love Hero. The trouble he caused was very sinister. He put peoples lives in danger without even caring about their feelings. The tension between Benedick and Beatrice also setup some drama, which subsequently made the movie very enjoyable and funny. The battle between man and woman was well represented by the two characters. This movie was very romantic. This is the type of movie that I would love to take my girlfriend to go watch. It touches the romantic side of anyone who watches it, but it isnt too cheesy either so guys will like it. Claudio and Heros love for each other made the movie very romantic. It seemed as if they would die for each others love if it came to it. Yet, they werent always in each others faces kissing and hugging and this made the romance scenes bearable to watch. Though, the romance affair between Benedick and Beatri ce made the movie well worth seeing, because it was one of the funniest parts of the movie. Their love affair was more like a struggle then it was a romance. The cast for this movie was great also. It seemed as if the roles were specifically written for the cast. Denzel Washington played a very good Prince, and as well did Robert Sean Leonard playing young Claudio. Michael Keatons roll as Dogberry was the funniest character in the movie. He seemed to relish in playing the greasy and dirty constable. One of the best actors that I think made the characters come alive was probably Kenneth Thompson who played Benedick. His acting was superior to the others because it seemed like he was very into his role. His character stood out from all the others. In conclusion, I think that this movie was very good movie in all. It had a lot of things that didnt make it boring once. Its got drama, romance, action, and comedy. All of these things can usually make a movie worth seeing. I liked the movie because it was one of the funniest movies I have seen in awhile, and I will always recommend it to my friends. The cast who played the rolls was very good, and they made the story come alive. Therefore, I think Much Ado about Nothing is a very good movie because it is dramatic, romantic, and funny. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-49062008509782502202020-04-01T09:32:00.001-07:002020-04-01T09:32:03.283-07:00Nivea for Men Pest Environmental Analysis Essay ExampleNivea for Men Pest Environmental Analysis Paper Lee Hsien Loong was sworn in as Singaporeââ¬â¢s third Prime Minister on 12 August 2004. Mr Lee was first elected Member of Parliament (MP) in 1984 as a candidate of the Peoples Action Party (PAP) and has been re-elected six times, most recently in 2011 as an MP for the Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency. He was elected to the Central Executive Committee of the PAP in 1986, and became its Secretary-General in 2004. Mr Lee was appointed Minister of State in the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) and the Ministry of Defence in 1984. He was confirmed as full Minister for Trade and Industry in 1987, and was concurrently Second Minister for Defence. In 1985, Mr Lee chaired the Economic Committee, which recommended changes to long established government policies to reduce business costs and revive the economy during a severe recession, as well as policies to foster longer term growth, including drastic reduction of corporate and personal taxes and the introduction of a consumption tax. In 1990, Mr Lee was appointed Deputy Prime Minister with responsibilities for economic and civil service matters. He also concurrently served as Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) from 1998 until 2004, and Minister for Finance from 2001 until 2007. Mr Lee was appointed Chairman of Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (GIC) in June 2011. At the MAS, Mr Lee initiated reforms to liberalise the financial sector and to shift the emphasis from one-size-fits-all regulation towards a lighter supervisory touch, relying more on disclosure and caveat emptor. As Minister for Finance, he chaired the Economic Review Committee which in 2003 proposed strategies to further restructure and upgrade the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Nivea for Men Pest Environmental Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nivea for Men Pest Environmental Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nivea for Men Pest Environmental Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These included tax changes to make Singapore more competitive and a major restructuring of the Central Provident Fund system. As Prime Minister, Mr Lee has launched policies to build a competitive economy and an inclusive society. He has introduced new programmes to upgrade the education system, invest in R;D and infrastructure, and transform the city and living environment. Mr Lee chairs the Research, Innovation and Enterprise Council (RIEC), an international panel to oversee Singaporeââ¬â¢s major effort in promoting R;D. Mr Leeââ¬â¢s Government is also strengthening Singaporeââ¬â¢s social safety nets. Significant measures include the Workfare Incentive Scheme, which is a negative income tax to encourage and reward older, low-income workers, and Community Care (ComCare), an endowment fund to support a wide range of welfare and social programmes targeted at the poor. By tackling long-term issues such as the ageing population and the pressures of globalisation, Mr Lee seeks to gear up Singapore to seize the abundant opportunities in a vibrant Asia. Before entering politics, Mr Lee was a Brigadier-General in the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF). He attended the US Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and held various staff and command posts, including the Director of the Joint Operations and Plans Directorate, and Chief of Staff of the General Staff. Mr Lee was born on 10 February 1952 and completed his schooling in Singapore. He studied at the University of Cambridge, graduating with a B. A. in Mathematics and a Diploma in Computer Science. He subsequently earned a Masters in Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School. First married to Wong Ming Yang in 1978, Mr Lee was widowed in 1982. He remarried Ho Ching in 1985. He has one daughter and three sons. Mr Lee enjoys reading, walking, listening to classical music and tinkering with computers. Careerà | à | 2004 ââ¬âà à à à à à à à à à à | Prime Minister Chairman, Research, Innovation and Enterprise Council (RIEC) Chairman, Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (2011)| à 2001 ââ¬â 2007à | Minister for Finance| 1998 ââ¬â 2004à | Chairman, Monetary Authority of Singapore| à 1990 ââ¬â 2004à | Deputy Prime Minister| 987 ââ¬â 1992à | Minister for Trade and Industry| 1987 ââ¬â 1990à | Second Minister for Defence| 1984 ââ¬â 1987à | Minister of State for Ministry of Trade and Industry ;à Ministry of Defence| 2004 ââ¬âà à à à à à à à à à | Secretary-General, Peopleââ¬â¢s Action Party| à 1992 ââ¬â 2004à | First Assistant Secretary-General, Peopl eââ¬â¢s Action Party| à 1989 ââ¬â 1992à | Second Assistant Secretary-General, Peopleââ¬â¢s Action Party| à 1986 ââ¬â 1989à | Member, Central Executive Committee of the Peopleââ¬â¢s Action Party| à 1984 ââ¬âà à à à à à à à à à à | Member of Parliament First elected in 1984, and re-elected in 1988, 1991, 1997, 2001, 2006 and 2011)| à 1982 ââ¬â 1984à à à | Chief of Staff of the General Staff| à 1983 ââ¬â 1984à | Director of the Joint Operations and Plans Directorate| à 1978 ââ¬â 1979à | Attended the US Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, USA| à 1971| Completed Officer Cadet Course at SAFTI and commissioned as 2nd Lieutenant in the SAFà | à | à | Academic| à | 979 ââ¬â 1980| Mason Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; graduated with a Masterââ¬â¢s Degree in Public Administration| 1974à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à | University of Cambridge, UK; graduated as a Wrangler in the Mathematics Tripos (equivalent to First Class Honours) and with a Diploma in Computer Science (with Distinction)| 1971| Awarded the SAF Scholarship| 1970| Awarded the Presidentââ¬â¢s Scholarship| 1970| National Junior College| 1964 ââ¬â 1969| Catholic High School| 1958 ââ¬â 1963| Nanyang Girlsââ¬â¢ High School (Co-Ed Primary Section)| LEADERSHIP August 2004, aged 52, was picked on a beam of Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, took office after the first challenge is to save the economy. Singapore economy of the Asian emerging economies (China, India) affect commerce, and 0 0 years, average economic growth for three years only one. Eight percent. Due to the relocation of manufacturing a large number, the unemployment rate in 2003 is also up to four. But a few years, Singapores economy completely transformed. From the flattening out of the moderate growth of the country, to two 0 0 IMD ranking of national competitiveness, beyond the Nordic Denmark, entry into the second after the United States competitive. Last year, Singapores economic growth rate of seven. Seven percent, the unemployment rate down to the end of a decade low of one. Six percent. Succession from his father Lee Hsien Loong, after taking office, to prove their leadership, not just rely on the father. In fact, Lees leadership, the leaders from Singapore on the long-term, planned training. Singapore has the worlds highest civil service pay, is to develop a good design is one of the government to work and live. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loongs annual salary ? 0 fifty thousand dollars (about sixty-five million NT dollars), is the head of the worlds highest annual salary, is five times Bush, Yasuo Fukudas eight times, 11 times Chen Shui-bian. Last year, the head of the Singapore Parliament to review the salaries, Lee Hsien Loongs speech in response to Congress that the Singapore leadership team to develop understanding, ability, in addition to salaries, more importantly, long-term retention of good talent in the government. Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong, senior politicians in 1976, the government in the mill 14 years until 1990 when the Prime Minister and I 1984 in politics, but the mill for twenty years in government, to two 0 0 four years as prime minister. Im the Deputy Prime Minister seat in the world was to be the oldest person! Lee described the leaders of Singapore to develop patience. Recently, Lee Hsien Loong of Singapore is ready to begin developing the fourth generation successor. He said, I am already 55 years old, began to keep the pension, and I do not want to have a seven-year-old Singapores future prime minister, So, he looks to convince people into the thirties, the Singapore government, I want to in this age group to find the best people, the best choice to the people of Singapore. ten years later, this group of people, at least one person to become prime minister. Year before the election, Lee Hsien Loong extensive private business, search this age professionals to run for public office. Many professionals are convinced of the civil accountants, lawyers, doctors, etc. , are required to give a higher salary to politics. Difficult to convince these people in China, government officials have sea to do business; in Singapore, I told these people for the runway, said politics is climbing , very hard to carefully consider, Lee said. Political leaders, in the eyes of Lee Hsien Loong, to be both leadership and management two abilities. If the head of government would shout slogans, but unfamiliar with the business sector, big trouble, Lee said, heads of government departments not only to master the situation, when the chairman of the board, sometimes need to play the chief executive (CEO). Not only to direction, more capacity out of the policy implementation. Make everyone feel fair Singapore is in addition to Monaco, Macau and Hong Kong, the population density is highest. However, although the current four million residents, but twenty-five percent are foreigners. Their own people, three quarters of the population are Chinese, Malays who practice Islam are accounted for fourteen percent, the Hindu Indians accounted for eight percent, in addition to Europe and Asia mixed. Complex race, with full liberalization of the global economy, Singapores leaders the ability to gather consensus and recognition is more challenging. Lee believes that maintaining the principle of fairness and justice, is in addition to culture, art, life and other emotional factors, the more critical leadership. Everyone needs to accumulate their assets in this society as long as trying to prove yourself, you can succeed, climbing rose, which is particularly important for the pluralistic society, otherwise, it will feel worth the effort, not worth it to stay, Lee told the U. S. public television interview. Globalization raids by the small city-state, half of the population in Singapore every year and out the door several times, Singapore has become Asias most national conscio usness, national brand awareness in the world. Obviously, Lee Hsien Loong on how to play the globalization of the new Asian leaders, have their own set of. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-68925728011493303732020-03-07T22:09:00.001-08:002020-03-07T22:09:04.745-08:00The Life And Works Of Bertolt Brecht Essays - Bertolt BrechtThe Life And Works Of Bertolt Brecht Essays - Bertolt Brecht The Life And Works Of Bertolt Brecht The Life and Works of Bertolt Brecht Bertolt Brecht was one of the chief innovators of modern theatrical techniques. He was both a poet and a playwright all in one. His epic theatrical creations developed drama as a forum for social and idealistic causes. Brechts imagination, artistic genius, and social views distinguish his work and his life. Eugen Bertolt Brecht was born February 10, 1898 in Augsburg Germany, a town in Bavaria. His family was of middle class, which he came to resent, in favor of a Marxist proletarian society. In 1917 he attended Ludwig Maximillian University, in Munich, where he studied medicine. Towards the end of the First World War, Brecht served in a military hospital. During this time in 199918, he wrote his first piece of work Baal, however it was not published until a later time. In 1922 he wrote his first success, Drums in the Night. In 1923 Baal was finally produced. Until this time Brecht had lived in Bavaria. In 1924 he moved to Berlin, where he developed a strong antibourgeois attitude. Several people of his generation developed similar attitudes, as a result of the disappointing post World War I society in Germany. Among his friends, at this time, was a group of Dadaist, who aimed at destroying what they called the false standards and ideals of the bourgeois society. Brecht also became acquainted with a prominent theoretician named Karl Korsch, who taught him the elements of Marxism. During this time period from 1924 to 1933, Brecht worked briefly with the directors Max Reinhardt and Erwin Piscator. However he mainly worked with his own group of associates. In 1924 he wrote his first professional production Edward II. In 1927 he wrote A manual of Piety. In 1928, while working with the composer Kurt Weil, Bertolt Brecht created what many believe to be his finest piece of work; The Threepenny Opera; a satirical and successful ballad opera. In 1 930 he wrote The Rise and Fall of the Town of Mahogany. Also during this year he wrote his first exemplary plays, A Mans Man, which introduced his unorthodox idea of epic theatre. Epic theatre is a technique created by Brecht, which causes the audience to feel no emotions about a play, but to think critically about its content. This would become a well-used and important technique in Brechts later plays. In 1933 Brechts Marxist political beliefs forced him to go into self-imposed exile, from fascists Germany. His writings had made him a natural enemy of the National Socialists, rising to power in his native country. He first managed to escape to Switzerland, then to Scandinavia. With help from some of his fellow artists and exiles, especially Lion Feuchtwagner, Brecht was able to come to the United States of America. He became anti-Nazi writer for a periodical published in Moscow, and produced the 1938 drama Fear and Misery of the Third Reich. During this time Brecht wrote what are critically regarded as his greatest works. In 1943 Brechts desire to motivate social concerns, in his audience, led to the play The life of Galileo. In this play, through the character Galileo, Brecht reexamines the recurrent theme of obstacles to social progress. In 1949, he created Mother Courage and her Children, which enlists the spectators feelings as well as their reason. This play was both a success and a failure. It was a success because it was highly popular, but it was a failure in that it caused the audience to feel sympathy for its characters, which violated Brechts technique of epic theatre. In these mature works Brecht overgrew the single-minded didactic message of his earlier pieces, and achieved complex themes that would be impermissible under the official policies of communism. For a brief period of time, Brecht lived in Hollywood on1954 argyle Avenue. He then moved into a house on 817 25th Street in Santa Monica, from 1941 to 1942. In 1943 Brecht moved into a house on 1063 26th Street. Brecht described the latter house in his diary saying this about it one of the oldest is about 30 years old, California clapboard, whitewashed, with an upper floor with two bedrooms. I have a long workroom Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-46695568104208062162020-02-20T13:35:00.001-08:002020-02-20T13:35:02.716-08:00International Marketing Plan for Allianz Case StudyInternational Marketing Plan for Allianz - Case Study Example The company has acquired about 60 million customers to whom it provides property and casualty insurance services, health insurance, life insurance asset management and banking services. Allianz started to go international in the late 19th century when the company opened a branch office in London. Allianz now also has branches in Paris, Italy, Great Britain, Netherlands, Brazil, Spain, and USA. Allianz hopes to expand into Eastern Europe and establish branches either in Hungary or turkey. Since international marketing plans revolve around certain factors, the company will have to complete a thorough analysis of the countries in question, so as to determine the feasibility and viability of international services in these countries. This report will also discuss the viability of establishing branches in the Turkish or Hungarian market place. The Company is aiming to establish the organization in a global market. In order to do this an effective international marketing plan would have to be developed. The goal of this international marketing plan is the provision of specific directions for the company's marketing activities. Research will be carried out in various areas like segmentation, marketing, pricing strategy, targeting and positioning, promotional strategy, control and implementation, in order to achieve set goals. This marketing plan will also detail what the company can achieve with such an international marketing strategy and hoe this plan will help in realizing company objectives. When an organization has decided that it is beneficial to go international and start operations in another country, "it is necessary to define company policies on international marketing and the company's objectives for creating promotional campaigns that are efficient. As long as Allianz continues to offer superior services that are efficient, then the company will be better than a domestic company. As the global market continues to grow bigger and population increase continues, the company must engage in effective international marketing, in order to acquire and maintain more clients." (An in depth analysis of Insurance Industry) Interest in Hungary and Turkey Numerous variables function within an international company such as this, which deals in a global market. These variables can influence the company's strategy either directly or indirectly. Being well implanted in various parts of the world Allianz seeks to invest other markets in Europe. Marketing strategy At Allianz, the goal of business is the acquisition of clients and maintaining these clients as customers. The company's international marketing strategy should reflect this, as the company continues to build its reputation. The strategies that would be used for this international marketing will be a push/promotional strategy and pull/selling strategy. The push/promotional strategy will use the company's trade promotion activities and sales force to create consumer demand internationally. The pull/selling strategy involves expenses on promotions for consumers and advertising in order to build up consumer demand for services SWOT analysis The sections highlighted below constitute the most relevant issues for Allianz, and the success of the company. Strengths The company's strengths include: a brand new international approach, staff Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-26943198128239854572020-02-04T21:06:00.001-08:002020-02-04T21:06:03.224-08:00Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease - Research Paper Example Creutzfeld-Jakob disease is caused by infectious agents known as prions. Prions are a form of proteins which are common in the human body and usually harmless. But, when prion proteins are misshaped or folded they become infectious causing nearby healthy cells to replicate the abnormal shape. While the contaminated cells quickly deteriorate tissue, the brain forms holes leaving the texture so drastically altered it resembles that of a sponge. The rare disease can be transmitted a multitude of ways such as by contamination, sporadically or through inheritance. Transmission through contamination is classified as those which contract the disease after being exposed to infected tissue during surgeries, such as cornea transplants. Consisting of less than 10% of all cases, risk of exposure is low, yet still possible due to the ability of infectious agents to withstand typical sterilization practices of medical equipment. The majority of cases, approximately 85%, are attributed to the sporadic occurrence of CDJ where the disease presents spontaneously and not attributed to another form of transmission. Some cases are deemed inherited when found in patients testing positive for certain mutated genes or with a family history of CDJ. This category includes the majority of cases seen in younger patients, some being in their late twenties. Symptoms Accurate diagnosis of Creutzfekd-Jakob disease is only possible by brain biopsy or autopsy. Few biopsies are performed due to danger to the patient, inability to ensure the section removed is from a currently infected area and the chance of others contracting the disease through exposure to the infected brain tissue. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-41121624751458274202020-01-27T17:29:00.001-08:002020-01-27T17:29:04.270-08:00Marketing Plan For Renault TwingoMarketing Plan For Renault Twingo According to our class, MC 600, Business Policy, we have to write a business plan about a product of our company. In this case it is supposed we are working for Renault Car Company, and we prepare the business plan for one of our products, which is Renault Twingo, regarding the Greek market. To develop successful strategies and action programs, we need up-to-date information about the environment, the competition, and the market segments to be served. Often, analysis of internal data is the starting point for assessing the current marketing situation, supplemented by marketing intelligence and research investigating the overall market, the competition, key issues, and threats and opportunities issues. As the plan is put into effect, we will use advertising and other forms of research to measure progress toward objectives and identify areas for improvement, if results fall short of projections. Finally, we will use marketing research to learn more about their customers requirements, e xpectations, perceptions, and satisfaction levels. This deeper understanding will provide a foundation for building competitive advantage through well-informed segmenting, targeting, and positioning decisions. Thus, the marketing plan should outline what marketing research will be conducted and how the findings will be applied. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the first section we have to summarize the main goals, recommendations and points of our project in order to be accepted by the managers. Our project will target in reclaiming Renaults superiority in Segment A by positioning Twingo as one of the best overall proposals in the segment. It will be placed between mainstream, e.g. Fiat Panda and trendy cars such as Smart, and FIAT 500, targeting mainly style-oriented, younger customers, who are more willing to buy a 3-door car. Moreover we can get a competition advantage by differentiate the target groups by multiple versions. Authentic to Expression: Refers to a mainstream target group, practical. Dynamic: Refers to female group with several dynamic characteristics. GT: More Sporty and masculine profile. We will exploit connectivity and customization features to enhance youth appeal and trendy factor (Dynamic, GT).We will promote practicality and versatility to enhance its mainstream appeal (Authentic, Expression).Systematically attract first-time-buyers and exploit opportunities to up-sell them within the brand. Finally we will use competitive fleet policy (10% discount on retail price) to support retail sales (despite lack of 5 doors). Generally we will exploit limited editions for conquest sales and for maintaining trendyness. By these actions we target at about 1500 sales, both retail and fleet, for the year 2010 in Greece. This is a partition of 7, 6% and 1, 4%, respectively, as shown in the image below. CURRENT MARKET SITUATION In order to analyze the current marketing situation, we will discuss about the overall Greek Market, identify the market segments we will target and provide information about the companys current situation. Renault: The Company (briefly) In 1899 Renault Frà ¨res is founded by Marcel and Fernand Renault. In 1903 the sales network expands and the first subsidiaries are set up outside France. In 1975 managed by Bernard Vernier-Palliez, Renault comprises the state-owned Rà ©gie (104,000 employees) and the subsidiaries set up through diversification (118,500 employees) and by 1980 Renault was Europes leading vehicle manufacturer. In 1997 Twingo arrives in the market. Range Segmentation MARKET DESCRIPTION We will examine the target segments and provide context for the marketing strategies. We will examine the economic position and the general situation of Greek Market, MAVA which is the official Renaults representatives, the Purchase Behavior of the target group in which we are interesting in and the current situation of the Competition. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: Greek Market Situation Real GDP average growth 4,1% (10yr), 4.2% (3yr). Slowing growth in 2010 reflects weakening growth in fixed investment and exports, due to strong Euro. Consumer spending even if slower growing retains its momentum and will continue to be the main contributor to 2010 GDP growth driven by real wage growth (4%) and employment growth. Spending on consumer durables, in particular, remains strong (sales of household equipment increased by 5.6%, as did car sales). Household debts account for 37.8% of GDP vs 61.6% for EU-13. Consumer credit growth remains strong at a (stabilized) 20%. Deposit growth reached 14.4% in 2007 vs 10.5% in 2006 Greek economic climate index in rise from mid-2005 to September 2007, decreasing slightly in October; remains higher than European index. Greeks more willing to buy a car in 2010 than EU-27 or EU-13 average. The positive effect of direct tax reductions is expected to be compensated by the increase of VAT by 1-2 percentage units in 2010 or 2011. Internet penetration at 40% of ages 13-70 years old (13-24: +60%, 25-44: +30%). Broadband connection penetration currently at 6.9% of households (EU-27avg at 16.2%).Average monthly cost at à ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã ¬28.3 (vs à ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã ¬25.4 in France and à ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã ¬46.8 in Spain). Average speed at 6,6 Mbps (vs 44,1 in France and 6.9 in Spain). A change in the registration tax is not considered feasible for the time being. Liberalization of diesel car market (in Athens and Thessaloniki) remains stagnant, AMVIR (Greek Association of Importers) now pushes for freeing up the diesel LCV market. AMVIRS (Greek Association of Importers) current position to the Government is for a gradual and mid-term alignement of the taxation system with the emissions norms. All data: European Commission, Eurostat, National Bank of Greece, except Internet data (independent surveys). All data: European Commission, (*) Ministry of Economics Finance. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: Renault in Greece MAVA Implement ready, in-house software to track real-time MAVA/Dealer stock, order, invoice and registration data. Based on the above, specify and implement a new monthly marketing reporting system, specified with and covering the needs of Management, Renault and Marketing. Exploit Renault-specified PER4 Dealer training program (analytic proposal to be submitted by end of March 2010) to provide a business case for dealers to endorse change, total customer satisfaction and a new culture vis-avis Renaults forthcoming product assault. Budget 50.000à ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã ¬. Starting from 2011 (along with new Megane), consider an extensive communication plan to change current perceptions of Renault and gradually establish it among top-of-mind brands in Greece. Given approval, Marketing will provide a comprehensive route map by end of June 2010 to be finalized by end of 2010 and be implemented starting from 2011. This will include a thorough proposal on the approach and process leading to an action plan by end of 2010. Deployment of the new brand identity graphic guidelines within the company and to the dealer network (core elements, stationery, printed forms, advertising, local communication -publications, events etc), starting with the new Twingo launch campaign, including follow-up and evaluation on the extent of deployment, according to time-plan imposed by Renault (12 months). The PURCHASE BEHAVIOR of the target group Stage 1: Initial interaction with the brand At this stage, customer has not fully developed the need to purchase a new car and collects information / perceptions / impressions by various channels that result in top-of-mind awareness of specific brands. Brand Influence at this stage comes from creating impressions and emotional territories through: Advertising: emotional positioning. Press relations: word of mouth is especially important for the small Greek society and especially women, who mostly turn to friends and family for advice. B-T-L Promotions: help relate the brand to values and behaviors. Stage 2: Actual investigation At this stage, customer assesses technical and tangible factors (however still through an emotional process), identifying possible solutions to his/her needs. This results to the shortlist. Provided that the brand has passed the test of the first stage, the choice criteria are: Performance (20-28) Roominess and reliability (29-45), with price and equipment as common denominators. Customers first choose a brand and, subsequently, the model it offers in the segment they need. French Cars in general provides to their customers: Elegance Alternative Focused in comfort Luxury Feminine Unreliable Weak USP Design Progression Affordability Customers Character Twingo Characteristics Renault Twingo differentiates its target group depending on the version: Twingo Authentic to Expression Mainstream, practical Twingo Dynamic Feminine Twingo GT Sporty, masculine In general its target group is men and women 20 35 years old. Twingo means fan, joy, entertainment combined with all the above characteristics of a French Car. PRODUCT REVIEW In continue, we have to outline the main characteristics and summarize extra information needed about our product, Renault Twingo. Renault Twingo is characterized by: Modern, Pleasing Design Roomy, practical and occupant-friendly An assertive personality underpinned by dynamic styling Communicative and occupant-friendly: New Twingo features an Audio Connection Box (in UK we will be calling this system multi-functional Tune Point) which enables personal music collections stored on USB keys, portable MP3 players or iPodsà ® to be played through the cars audio system and operated via the steering wheel-mounted controls. My Twingo philosophy: buyers can customize their new car inside and out thanks to a range of decorative decals for the exterior and a selection of innovative accessories such as the Organizer Box and Makeup Box for the interior. Appeal to young clientele, essentially urban-dwellers hooked on new technologies Chassis derived from the B-segment and a power train range featuring the new TCE (Turbo Control Efficiency) 100hp petrol engine, which offers class-leading performance and fuel consumption, New Twingos superior dynamics, set it apart from its predecessor. Optimizing cabin space and interior versatility, by making full use of the cars compact dimensions (length: 3.60m). Interior is extremely modular thanks to its four independent sliding seats. Safety was at the forefront of the New Twingo design teams priorities. New Twingo is the first model to be renewed within the framework of Renault Commitment 2011 and had to meet an extremely exacting brief in terms of quality and profitability. Supplementary information about models: A. TWINGO Twingos agile handling makes it perfect for nipping in and out of city traffic. With its compact length of just 3.60 m, Twingo is a cinch to park and a delight to drive. It also stands out with its pure, contemporary styling. Twingo brings drivers a dynamic and pleasant drive. Our primary consumer target is middle- to lower-income people who need a car with pleasing desing but also comfortable and easy to use. All versions of Twingo carry the Renault ecoà ² signature. They emit less than 140 g/km of CO2, contain renewable materials and recycled plastic, and are produced at the ISO 14001 certified Novo Mesto plant in Slovenia. B. TWINGO SPORT Renault has produced an affordable high-performance car which sits alongside Clio and Mà ©gane Renault Sport in the Renault Sport range. Renault Twingos existing lines are underpinned by a more curvaceous, athletic stance and the newcomers sporty calling is further emphasized by its wider front and rear wings, profiled sills and spoiler. Twingo Renault Sport is the response of Renault Sport Technologies experts to a two-pronged challenge, namely to deliver sports performance while at the same time ensuring that the new car is easy to use on a day-to-day basis. Twingo Renault Sports chassis is both responsive and finely tuned to provide precise, balanced sports handling, while specific work on the pitch of its new 133hp 1,598cc engine reveals its punchy temperament. C. TWINGO GORDINI R.S. The return of the Gordini name is to be marked by the introduction of a new chic and sporty version of Renault Sports pocket rocket which takes a current-day stance on the cues long associated with the Gordini world. Twingo Gordini R.S. features a gleaming Malte Blue lacquered metallic finish, plus two white racing stripes, in keeping with tradition. The front and rear bumpers are enhanced by gloss black details, while the fog lamp surrounds, exterior mirror housings and lip spoiler are all picked out in a contrasting white finish. Gordini Series badging either side refers back to the heyday of the Gordini Cup when the qualifying heats of the different meetings were known as sà ©ries. This exclusive exterior styling package is rounded off by a choice of either blue or black diamond-effect 17-inch aluminum alloy wheels. To ensure that it befits Gordinis glorious motor sport heritage, the latest addition to the Twingo range is based on the same performance/equipment package as the Renault Sport version: Sport chassis with 17-inch wheels for outstanding road-holding performance that is equally suited to everyday motoring, a feisty, responsive 1.6-litre 133hp petrol powerplant with a distinctive, specially-tuned engine pitch under acceleration, precise, incisive steering for even greater fun at the wheel, powerful, durable braking performance. The fashionable and sporty label of the Renault Sport range with its elegant finish and strong design codes, the Gordini label builds on the renowned expertise of Renault Sport, and offers a fresh interpretation of its values. Renault naturally opted to build on the reputation of Renault Sport Technologies (RST) in order to transform the Gordini legend into a reality. Renaults sports branch has prolonged the Gordini heritage through its renowned expertise in motor sport and the development of its sports models. COMPETITIVE REVIEW The direct completion for Renault Twingo in Greece is FIAT Panda, CHEVROLET Matiz, HYUNDAI Atos, PEUGEOT 107, SMART ForTwo, TOYOTA Aygo, KIA Picanto, CITROEN C1, VOLKSWAGEN Fox, DAIHATSU Cuore, FORD Ka, OPEL Agila. The Total Market Sales are showed below: As we can see, the segment dominated by Panda Koreans (low price models, therefore strong in fleet sales) followed by TPCA trio (Toyota, Peugeot, Citroen Automobile), upward indication for ForTwo and Cuore and downward indication for Matiz, Atos and Fox. The 3-Door Sales Direct Competitors VS Renault Twingo 3-door versions appeal to first-time buyers, seeking for looks and style, who are willing to spend more for differentiation. Fleet Sales VS Retail Sales Direct Competitors VS Renault Twingo Segment leaders retain significant contribution on both fleet and retail sales. The ForTwo, Fox and TPCA trio appeal more to retail buyers. Despite drop of fleet sales, Picanto compensated with strong retail sales. MARKETING STRATEGY As a volume carmaker, Renault has long been recognised for the quality and inventiveness of its products in the small car segment and New Twingo is no exception. Since its unveiling at the 1992 Paris Motor Show, Twingo has revolutionised the world of city cars. In response to shifts in customer demand across the span of its 14-year life, Twingo took the form of seven different collections and a long list of striking special and limited editions. The European small car market has been reasonably stable since 2000, yet that hasnt prevented it from being extremely competitive, owing to the presence of the traditional European makes and, more recently, the advent of newcomers from Asia. Even so, Renault stands out as a major player in the segment and New Twingo reinforces the brands line-up with a view to optimising its coverage of this end of the market. With a length of 3.60 metres, New Twingo is a practical, communicative, compact car. New Twingos mission is twofold, the first being to build on its ever-growing reputation as Twingo owners were loyal to the car and replaced it with another Twingo. The second aspect of the models mission involves reaching out to a new clientele seeking a safe, versatile, practical and feisty package with compact dimensions. One-third of European small car buyers are aged under 35, including 11 per cent who are under 25. Amongst its new targets, New Twingo seeks to appeal to this young clientele, essentially urban-dwellers hooked on new technologies and for whom the car is seen as a symbol of freedom, as well as an extension of the world in which they live. New Twingo covers all these criteria thanks to its unique personality and unprecedented connectivity for its segment, not to mention its inherent versatility, driver appeal, travelling comfort and dynamic, reassuring handling. Strategy and Marketing employs 150 people from diverse backgrounds, including 12 different nationalities. The five key functions in Renaults Marketing Department 1. Marketing product and services manager Their role is to develop the most attractive selection of products and services for a given range of vehicles. They adapt their choice to each national market without overlooking the brands identity and sales targets. They help elaborate marketing strategy, analyse sales figures for their models, and constantly look for ways to sell more. 2. Product positioning consultant They draw on different surveys and studies to propose ways to improve the brands positioning and image. Working with the different range managers, they decide how a model should be positioned and what audiences to target. They then adapt this positioning to each country. 3. Price consultant They draft a price strategy for each model in every country. Another of their functions is to examine across-the-board pricing methods and procedures. Strong interpersonal skills are important as they are in daily contact with the markets and other marketing experts. 4. Trend forecaster Their task is to analyse market trends and sales forecasts for each vehicle in a range of countries. Their conclusions help the factories plan production in line with the dealerships probable needs for vehicles to satisfy customer demand. 5. Planning studies manager They pilot the sales and marketing planning system, assess Market Areas needs for economic modelling, and adapt planning tools accordingly. They train the national plan coordinators in the use of planning tools and methods. They also analyse each countrys budget and strategy plans to then compile a group-wide synthesis. Positioning The new Renault Twingo hopes to appeal to the small car segment and the initial first car buyer segment while also appealing to families who wish to acquire a second car, or to those using their car in urban or city areas. This car interests distinct and different groups of car buyers so there is a need for careful product positioning in the mind of the consumer. Some considerations when positioning a new car might include: first car or small car users who expect specific design qualities from a car families who want a second car to get them from A to B or to complete the school run twice a day and who will also want different features young people looking for personality from their car perhaps more sporty features or individual and distinctive design finishes. New Twingos key target market is young dynamic people. Renault has a marked advantage in this area because it is known for its keen pricing and is also an established, highly recognisable brand that young people can relate too. Price Strategy Renault has a clear understanding of its key target market (young people and other price-conscious car buyers) and has designed pricing strategies to best address their needs and the positioning of the New Twingo. In the case of the New Twingo it is imperative that it be keenly priced and also that running costs are low. The price quoted by Renault is the price you will pay at the dealership. The starting price is 8790à ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã ¬ and it can reach the 13100à ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã ¬ depending to the model and the equipment included. All the dealers provide the option to buy the car with a small amount in advance and then with monthly installments. Price Positioning by Model Direct Competitors VS Renault Twingo 8k: Koreans (high contribution of fleet sales). 9k: Panda (has also the widest coverage). 9-11k: Twingos core competition. 12k: Smart. 13-14k: Twingo GTs main competition (Panda 100 C2 VTS). Distribution Review In this level we have to analyze Renaults distribution network around the world and specifically in Greece. Renault its an international industrial organization with 38 industrial sites in 17 countries which ensure that production occurs close to markets and unique standardization which guarantees the same level of quality throughout the world. International production capacities are expanding rapidly. Major projects of development are in Russia (a partnership signed with the AvtoVAZ automaker), and Morocco (work began on a new industrial complex in Tangiers). A launch to the dealers is different to launching a car to the public. Increased demand for a car is also known as a pull factor as it essentially pulls the product through the distribution channel from the manufacturer toward the consumer. In order to succeed at getting the product to the consumer, Renault has an International network of agents or dealers who carry its cars in the companies stable. This means that support is given to the Renault dealers around the world to promote the new model in a way that generates demand for the new car. Our channel strategy is to use selective distribution all over Greece. During the first year, we will add channel partners until we have coverage in all major greek markets and the product is included in the major car catalogs and even Web sites. The Renault Production Way: Guarantees the same quality standards throughout the world, Enhances Group performance (plant specialization according to car segment, development of plant capacity to produce different vehicles on the same production line, continuous improvement of the workstation, etc.), Ensures the Groups commitments to the environment (100% of Renaults production sites are committed to ISO 14001 (environmental management standard) certification processes), Reinforces safety throughout the world. Renault has a distribution network all over the world-Americas, Europe, Eurasia, Asia and Africa. The official sales partnership in Greece is PGA motors at Marousi, Athens. Moreover Renault motors are sold by almost 31 agents-sales points all over the country. SWOT ANALYSIS In the next step of our marketing plan, is the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in our project. It involves identification of the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve our objective. Strengths: Strengths and strong points of our car. Weaknesses: Internal weaknesses of Renault Twingo. Opportunities: external conditions which are helpful to achieving our objective. Threats: external conditions which could do damage to the objective. Identification of SWOTs is essential because subsequent steps in the process of planning for achievement of the selected objective may be derived from the SWOTs. STRENGHTS My Twingo philosophy-Modern, Pleasing Design Roomly, Vertisile interior 1.2-litre TCE (Turbo Control Efficiency) engine. WEAKNESSES Evidence of cost cutting Thrashy, and engine noise is intrusive at motorway speeds. Disputed wheel positioning OPPORTUNITIES Increase fleet sales Are there emerging trends on which we can capitalize? Increased demand in segment A THREATS Pure fleet sales Extreme competition in segment A- Fiat 500, C2, Smart Many offers and uprising Car industries with cheap products Marketing Communication Strategy Pre-publicity in the form of motoring reviews and test drives are critical to the success of a trade launch as this activity must generate sufficient consumer curiosity and interest in the new model. In this way, we will give the opportunity to experts and driving correspondents or journalists, to assess the merits of the new Twingo before the rest car-buying public. We will also try to hold open weekends in dealers garages where customers can come along to test drive the new car. By getting potential car buyers to test drive a car, product usage increases. This will have a knock on sales of the new car. The primary above the line medium we are going to use to promote and communicate the new car is through advertising. In the case of the New Twingo, the main advertising mediums going to be used, aside for those used when communicating with the trade, are outdoor billboard advertising and TV and radio advertising. New Twingo advertising themes and images include ideas of surprise, independence, spontaneity and versatility. Key factual messages that need to be also included are the smart design of the car, the value for money and cost of the car and the low running costs. Advertising Expenditure Evolution During Jan-Oct 2010, the advertising expenditure of the segment has decreased by 33,3% since all major competitors launches have been conducted before 2010. Share of Spending Chevrolet Matiz is, by far, the leader of the segment. Smart has no TV investment (only magazines and BTL activities). MediaMix TV and Magazines are the main media during Jan-Oct 2011 Large increase of TV against Magazines in 2011 is due to launches having taken place in 2010, reflects tactical advertising in 2010. Share of Voice Adults 18-34 8 Matiz acquire, by far, the highest SOV due to small average duration of spots. COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES 2010 Create a buz among young potential customers to support Twingos positioning as a trendy choice. Differentiate creative and media mix according to target group ( mainstream, women, men). Draw on the values of Twingo I to retain existing customers (modular design, simplicity of entry versions). Implement an integrated launch campaign (adaptation of international launch) to fight clutter by competitors launches and spice-up brand image. Media Use Use of TV as main medium (MAD TV included as the only youth music channel). Use short TVCs to increase SOV. Creative use of magazines (lifestyle advertorials photo shootings etc): lifestyle, womens, youth titles. Creative use of radio (lifestyle testimonials). Joint events (Asterix movie sponsorship). Use of Internet and New Media with creative penetration (ambient media). Use of outdoor at urban regions (5 major cities). Content Communicate the accessories youth-targeting features (personalization connectivity). Communicate price affordability. Use GT version to communicate TCE USPs. Press Maintain a Press test-drive fleet of 2 cars (Dynamique GT). 2011: Communicate RS and limited editions (ATL and Press). 2012: Introduce tactical communication. Competition Launching Media Plans 2010 2012 Media Plan Marketing research Using research, we are identifying the specific features and benefits that our target market segments value. Feedback from market tests, surveys, and focus groups will help us develop the next model of the new Twingo. We are also measuring and analyzing customers attitudes toward competing brands and products. Brand awareness research will help us determine the effectiveness and efficiency of our advertising and promotion. Finally, we will use customer satisfaction studies to provoke positive reactions to future buyers. Controls There is no planning without control. Marketing control is the process of monitoring the proposed plans as they proceed and adjusting where necessary. If an objective states where you want to be and the plan sets out a road map to your destination, then control tells you if you are on the right route or if you have arrived at your destination. Control involves measurement, evaluation, and monitoring. Resources are scarce and costly so it is important to control our marketing plans. Control involves setting standards. We are planning tight control measures to closely monitor quality and customer service satisfaction. This will enable us to react very quickly in correcting any problems that may occur. GLOBAL Quality and profitability at the core of the X44 project As part of the new model offensive set out in Renault Commitment 2009, New Twingo had to meet an extremely specific brief in terms of quality and profitability. Renaults latest small car will be produced at the Novo Mesto factory in Slovenia. Upon his arrival as President of Renault in May 2005, Carlos Ghosn instructed engineers to optimise the cost effectiveness of the X44 project. Twingos replacement needed to meet a raft of quality- and appeal-related targets at an extremely competitive cost. Initially delayed to ensure it responded even more closely to customer demand, the project then picked up speed and the cars development was completed within 21 months of the new designs approval. Controlled production-related costs The technique of carry-over served as a powerful lever in achieving this feat. Certain components from previous projects noted for their reliability and effectiveness were incorporated into the new vehicle. In addition to being a pledge of quality, this approach also eliminated unnecessary design costs and lead-times. Although an entirely new car in its own right, New Twingo incorporates parts from the chassis used for Clio II whose quality earned it recognition in 2006. Constraints associated with the adaptation of production plant were similarly m Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-4958543514986692732020-01-19T13:52:00.001-08:002020-01-19T13:52:02.849-08:00Shylock, the Hated Jew of The Merchant of Venice :: Merchant of Venice EssaysShylock, the Hated Jew of The Merchant of Venice à à à à Many of William Shakespeare's plays have sparked controversy.à Probably the one that has sparked the most controversy is The Merchant of Venice, which many intellectuals have dubbed an anti-Semitic play.à The character that this discussion centers around is Shylock, the rich moneylender Jew.à The problem with most of these anti-Semitic arguments is that they lack the perspective of the sixteenth century audience.à à Throughout Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice (M of V), the audience's perception of Shylock moves between utter hatred and varying amounts of pity.à In contrast to today's audience, the original sixteenth century audience saw Shylock's religion as his biggest shortcoming. à à à à à à Our first glimpse of Shylock's character comes in Act I, scene 3, where Shylock reveals to the audience why he hates Antonio.à The first reason he gives of why he hates Antonio is because he is a Christian.à (I. iii. 43)à This to the sixteenth century audience would be unreasonable, and this would evoke a sort of villainy towards Shylock.à But a few moments later, the audience witnesses Shylock's speech about Antonio's abuses towards Shylock.à (I. iii. 107-130) This speech does well in invoking the audience's pity, however little it might be in the sixteenth century.à But again at the end, Shylock offers that Antonio give up a pound of flesh as penalty of forfeiture of the bond, which Antonio sees as a joke, but which Shylock fully intends to collect.à (I. iii. 144-78) This action negates any pity which Shylock would have one from the audience just a few moments before.à Shakespeare, in this scene, uses Shylock's dialogue and soliloquies to push loyalties of the audience back and forth in a result of a negative view of Shylock. à à à à à à In Act II, scene 8, Salarino and Salanio describe to the audience Shylock's reaction when he finds out that his daughter, Jessica, has run away to marry a Christian.à Says Salanio: à à à à à à à à à à à à "I never heard a passion so confused, à à à à à à à à à à à à So strange, outrageous, and so variable, à à à à à à à à à à à à As the dog Jew did utter in the streets: à à à à à à à à à à à à 'My daughter!à O my ducats!à O my daughter! à à à à à à à à à à à à Fled with a Christian!à O my Christian ducats! Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-6056872593325105232020-01-11T10:15:00.001-08:002020-01-11T10:15:05.372-08:00Options And Corporate Finance EssayIn a perfect world, the stock price will drop by the amount of the ââ¬Å"special one- timeâ⬠dividend on the ex-dividend date. If we ignore taxes as we do in this mini- case the wealth of the shareholders doesnââ¬â¢t change if the company pays a special one-time dividend or not because it is reflected in the stock price. As we also saw in class that a dividend policy for a company is irrelevant since investors can convert share to cash or create their own homemade dividends payments if they prefer an income stream. In essence, paying the dividend is transferring money from the company to the shareholders but net the wealth of the shareholder stay the same due to a similar drop in the share price, but the value of the company will decrease. 2. The proposal of Jessica could go both ways, it could increase the value of the company or decrease the value, for the simple reason that we donââ¬â¢t have any information about leverage, the amount of debt, capital structure etc. If the company is overleveraged that will result in extra costs of financial distress, which consist of direct, indirect and agency costs. An overleveraged company goes past the optimal point and will decrease in value as you can see from the red line. If this is the case then it would be a good idea to reduce the amount of debt which results in a reduction of costs related to financial distress and invest the money in new facilities to increase the overall value of the company. If the company didnââ¬â¢t reach it equilibrium point than it would be a bad idea to reduce the amount of debt because it will decrease the value of the company due to the tax advantages (tax shield), so it would be better to keep the amount of debt to and maybe even increase the debt to reach the maximum company value. This are two options which can increase or decrease the value of the company. Another point could be that we donââ¬â¢t know about future prospect of the current technology and if there is enough demand, and if they now use their full production capacity. If not the case then it would be a bad idea to upgrade and expand, but it would be better to invest in research for new technology. 3. Nolan is correct in the sense that all three indicators will increase due to share repurchase. It will increase the P/E ratio because there are less shares available and it will reduce the denominator of both ROA and ROE which will result in an increase in both ratios. However, a share repurchase will not have any effect on the value of the company for the reasons we discussed in question 1, which is that the dividend policy is irrelevant to the value of the company and it wonââ¬â¢t have any effect on the wealth of shareholders. 4. When a company starts with a dividend policy it gives a signal to the shareholders/investors that they are committed to distribute part of their income to their shareholders. If they would start with regular dividend payments they should be sure that they are able to continue that forever, because a reduction in dividend or if they stop paying dividend at all at a later stage will send a negative signal to the market and shareholders/investors. So, they need to make sure that they have enough cash to keep the dividend policy going. To come back to the question, I would evaluate it regarding the companyââ¬â¢s ability to pay the dividend for an infinite time period and I they will have enough cash in the future or generate enough cash in the future to pay the dividends. 5. If the company wants to expand (and it is able to do so) the trade-off is lower dividends to their shareholders than when they are a mature company who has no growth potential than they would pay dividend. The implications of the formula are that the company should make a trade-off/decision between company growth or pay the dividend to its shareholders. To please its shareholders and to maximize the companyââ¬â¢s value, the company should deliver the required rate of return which is wanted by the shareholders or deliver a higher return to make the shareholders happy. If the company can have a higher rate of return than wanted by the shareholders it should retain earnings to invest in the growth to increase the rate of return, when this is not possible it should pay the shareholders their dividend to give them their required rate of return. But if the company retain its earnings when the rate of return is lower than wanted by the shareholders it lowers the companyââ¬â¢s value . Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-68369720504552462632020-01-03T06:39:00.001-08:002020-01-03T06:39:03.115-08:00Solving Problems in the Workplace - 1397 Words Solving Problems in the Workplace Sharla Burrell American InterContinental University Abstract The function of this paper is to assess two different workplace scenarios and to provide answers on how I would handle the situations if I were in the position of manager. Using resources that I retrieved from the internet and using supervisory skills learned and implemented in my working experiences, I have written two plans, that I feel, could be used to successfully correct the reported problems. In these two plans, I discuss and have listed key elements needed in any situation to resolve unwanted problems in the workplace. Key elements that I feel relevant to this discussion are as follows: forcing collaborative thinking, usingâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦As a leadership team, I have reviewed the report and found it lacking in content, in organization of ideas, as well as in writing skill and critical thinking related to the consideration of the topic. So, how wouldShow MoreRelatedImproving Leadership Effectiveness And Characteristics Of An Empowered Workplace1393 Words à |à 6 Pagesof an empowered workplace, importance of communication, high performance in the workplace, team concepts and member roles, problem solving styles, and the stages in the life of a group will be discussed as well as applied to the case study The Chattanooga Ice Cream Division. The reader will learn about the point of the case study, and how it illustrates different areas of improving leadership effectiveness. Principles and Characteristics of an Empowered Workplace In the workplace, there are principlesRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And The Workplace1529 Words à |à 7 PagesWorkplace bullying is something that is a big contemporary problem, that I feel is often pushed under the rug and not discussed. Workplace bullying can effect a personââ¬â¢s health, and it can also affect their role as it relates to their workplace performance. 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Its fame stemmed from the persistent and solid need to develop and improve productivity of groups. Osborn, too, has drawn a number of tools and methodologies to creative problem solving. His claims regardingRead MoreProfessional Summary And Goals Of The Idaho Independent Bank1093 Words à |à 5 Pageswill require management skills, good decision making skills, problem solving skills, and people skills. Currently, I possess good management skills, good understanding of tax, good problem solving skills, strong IT skills, and I am an excellent communicator. With a passion in being involved in the organizationââ¬â¢s operational activities and managing accounts and financial performance, I believe that I will become a finance director. 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Discuss how an individual can use effective communication techniques to overcome workplace challenges, encourage collaboration across groups, and promote effective problem-solving. Identify a specific instance from your own professional experience in which the values of the organization and the values of the individual nurses did or did not align. Describe the impact this had on Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-69605319247698939842019-12-26T03:05:00.001-08:002019-12-26T03:05:05.005-08:00Resolving Control Cost Conflict Within The St. Clair Hospital Resolving Control Cost Conflict within The St. Clair Hospital Airlia Griffin MHA 601: Principles of Health Care Administration Dr. Prince Ordu June 16, 2015 Introduction Conflict is a natural part of any work environment. What considers it healthy conflict is how the individuals involved respond? Handling and resolving conflicts that arise in the workplace is one of the biggest challenges managers and employees face. ââ¬Å"The consequences of health care workersââ¬â¢ conflict are many.â⬠Patton goes on stating, ââ¬Å"At best, conflicts result in beneficial changes in the workplace; at worst, it can impact patientsââ¬â¢ lives.â⬠(Patton, 2013) By learning to constructively resolve conflict, we can turn a potentially destructive situation into an opportunity for creativity and enhancement for performance. Janice Frates stated, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦,having work teams at all organizational levels openly and vigorously debate their ideas is a form of healthy conflict that produces both stronger team relationships and better work outcomes.â⬠In regards to the St. Clair Hospital plan for cost control, a healthy conflict did not arise. Types of Conflict Identified Types of conflict identified throughout this particular case study would include intrapersonal conflict and inter-organizational conflict. Frates explained that intrapersonal conflict is when the interdependence of departments within an organization can lead to conflict which is often grounded in differing professional training and different measuresShow MoreRelatedWho Gets Power and How They Hold on to It10070 Words à |à 41 Pageslegitimization, centralized control, regulations, and the more modem management information systemsââ¬âtend to buffer the organization from reality and obscure the demands of its environment. Most great states and institutions declined, not because they played politics, but because they failed to accommodate to the polidcal realities they faced. 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This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtainedRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words à |à 820 Pages. . . 168 Delegation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Centralization and Decentralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Unity of Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Span of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Line and Staff Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Coordinating Mechanisms Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words à |à 1056 Pages134 Factors That Affect Recruiting Efforts 134 DID YOU KNOW?: Something for Everyone 135 Constraints on Recruiting Efforts 135 Organizational Image 135 Job Attractiveness 136 Internal Organizational Policies 136 Government Influence 136 Recruiting Costs 136 Chapter 7 Foundations of Selection 154 Learning Outcomes 154 Introduction 156 The Selection Process 156 Initial Screening 156 Completing the Application Form 157 DIVERSITY ISSUES IN HRM: Interview Questions 158 Key Issues 159 Weighted Application Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-84507221566517352622019-12-17T22:53:00.001-08:002019-12-17T22:53:04.286-08:00The Bill Of Rights The Amendment Rights - 2558 Words In 1791, the Bill of Rights was created to specify the individual rights of every human being. Madison James is the creator of the 10 Amendments, he believed it was necessary to create the document to further explain what the Constitution will provide for each person. The Bill of Rights gives every citizen the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the press, and lastly the due process rights. This document was formed when the Constitution in 1789 was drafted. Federalist viewed the Bill of Rights as an unnecessary document that the Anti-federalist wanted in order to feel safe in knowing what the Constitution was really about and what was entitled to them. The 9th Amendment assures you cannot be denied certain rights, even if you re not told your rights you still have them. The 9th amendment stated the following, ââ¬Å" the enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights, shall not be constructed to deny or disparage others retained by the pe ople.â⬠This amendment grants you the rights that were not specified in the first 8 Amendments. For example, you have the right to have an abortion and you won t get in trouble because it s not illegal. This amendment was created to limit the power of the government over every individual. This is important for everyone so they aren t taken advantage. In 1965, ââ¬Å"Griswold v. Connecticut,â⬠a supreme court case about the use of birth control. Planned Parenthood League of Connecticut, was givenShow MoreRelatedThe Bill Of Rights : The Amendment Rights2558 Words à |à 11 PagesIn 1791, the Bill of Rights was created to specify the individual rights of every human being. Madison James is the creator of the 10 Amendments, he believed it was necessary to create the document to further explain what the Constitution will provide for each person. The Bill of Rights gives every citizen the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the press, an d lastly the due process rights. This document was formed when the Constitution in 1789 was draftedRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights : The Amendment Rights2572 Words à |à 11 Pages1 . Introduction In 1791, the Bill of Rights was created to specify the individual rights of every human being. Madison James is the creator of the 10 Amendments, he believed it was necessary to create the document to further explain what the Constitution will provide for each person. The Bill of Rights gives every citizen the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the press, and lastly the due process rights. This document was formed when the Constitution inRead MoreBill of Rights and Amendments1353 Words à |à 6 PagesBill of Rights and Amendments Bill of Rights and Amendments The United States Constitution was recognized to Americans as a vague statement in clarifying the privileges and the rights of individuals and centralizing the power within the government itself. With the passing of the Bill of Rights and the first ten amendments, it grants the people to what is said to be their ââ¬Å"natural rightsâ⬠following additional rights that have significantly changed our society. Amendments and Constitution Read MoreThe Bill of Rights Amendments984 Words à |à 4 Pagesconstitution has an amendment process that has been included in the Bill of Rights. The amendment allows Americans to make changes to the September 17, 1789 United States Constitution, that was ratified and made law (Zink 450).. The amendment process has made it possible for the constitution to change moderately, than being overhauled, and it has been changed to adhere to the current times and changes. The Second Amendment to the US constitution is part of the Bill of Rights that guarantees all AmericanRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Bill Of Rights1185 Words à |à 5 PagesAn important provision of the Bill of Rights is the protection of freedom to publish, as provided by the First Amendment. This protection applies to all kinds of publications, even those that print unpopular opinions. In most censorship cases, every attempt is made to suppress the written word after publication, not before. M innesota passed a law in 1925 that sought to prevent newspapers, magazines, and other publications from printing obscene, malicious, scandalous and defamatory material. ThisRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Bill Of Rights933 Words à |à 4 Pagescommit actions unless they are considered lawful; no one is above the law. This can create conflict with our constitutional amendments, because the law can revoke our civil freedoms. Kathleen Ann Ruane, Legislative Attorney, acknowledges that there are exceptions on the first amendment of the Bill of Rights. Ruane notes that some forms of speech are not protected under this right such as obscenity, child pornography, and threats. We need these laws to keep our nation under control and safe; even ifRead MoreThe Fifth Amendment and The Bill of Rights654 Words à |à 3 Pagesarea at the time of the murder, he or she has the right to remain silent in order to protect him or herself from self-incrimination, a clause in the Fifth Amendment. The Fi fth Amendment upholds the rights of United States citizens against government prosecution. Introduced to the Bill of Rights in 1789, the Fifth Amendment is a noteworthy amendment both during the past and in todayââ¬â¢s world. The Fifth Amendment, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights, was proposed by James Madison, providing a wayRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights And The Amendment Of The Constitution962 Words à |à 4 Pagesincluded the Bill of rights that provided us with Freedom (Schweikart, 2004). The bill of rights was established so each citizen is equally treated and allowed to share their idea and not be disgraced for it (Bodenhamer, 1993). The first ten amendments to the constitution of the United States established basic American civil liberties (Schweikart, 2004). The Bill of rights and the amendments of the constitution were written about the same time by the same people. The Bill of Rights and amendments both focusedRead MoreThe Role Of The Amendments And The Bill Of Rights1242 Words à |à 5 PagesUnited Kingdom. The Constitution and the Amendments are the basis for the criminal system in this country and the procedures for the courts and the law enforcement community. In this essay, the rol e of the amendments and the Bill of Rights will be examined as they relate to the court system and the criminal justice system as a whole. One of the significant amendments in criminal policy is the Fourth Amendment. The documents notable components are; the right to be free from unreasonable searches andRead MoreUs Bill of Rights First Amendment1740 Words à |à 7 PagesMary Cathleen ThomasUnited States GovernmentGovt-2305-54245Jinnell Killingsworth | U.S. Bill of Rights | ââ¬Å"Amendment Iâ⬠| | | 2/19/2011 | | ââ¬Å"The First Amendmentâ⬠In the beginning, our founding fathers where working on drafting a formal Constitution for our newly formed country. The representatives for some of the newly formed states, worried about the current draft of the Constitution. Many of the states and there representatives, had concerns about the wording of the current The Bill Of Rights The Amendment Rights - 2558 Words In 1791, the Bill of Rights was created to specify the individual rights of every human being. Madison James is the creator of the 10 Amendments, he believed it was necessary to create the document to further explain what the Constitution will provide for each person. The Bill of Rights gives every citizen the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the press, and lastly the due process rights. This document was formed when the Constitution in 1789 was drafted. Federalist viewed the Bill of Rights as an unnecessary document that the Anti-federalist wanted in order to feel safe in knowing what the Constitution was really about and what was entitled to them. The 9th Amendment assures you cannot be denied certain rights, even if you re not told your rights you still have them. The 9th amendment stated the following, ââ¬Å" the enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights, shall not be constructed to deny or disparage others retained by the pe ople.â⬠This amendment grants you the rights that were not specified in the first 8 Amendments. For example, you have the right to have an abortion and you won t get in trouble because it s not illegal. This amendment was created to limit the power of the government over every individual. This is important for everyone so they aren t taken advantage. In 1965, ââ¬Å"Griswold v. Connecticut,â⬠a supreme court case about the use of birth control. Planned Parenthood League of Connecticut, was givenShow MoreRelatedThe Bill Of Rights : The Amendment Rights2558 Words à |à 11 PagesIn 1791, the Bill of Rights was created to specify the individual rights of every human being. Madison James is the creator of the 10 Amendments, he believed it was necessary to create the document to further explain what the Constitution will provide for each person. The Bill of Rights gives every citizen the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the press, an d lastly the due process rights. This document was formed when the Constitution in 1789 was draftedRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights : The Amendment Rights2572 Words à |à 11 Pages1 . Introduction In 1791, the Bill of Rights was created to specify the individual rights of every human being. Madison James is the creator of the 10 Amendments, he believed it was necessary to create the document to further explain what the Constitution will provide for each person. The Bill of Rights gives every citizen the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the press, and lastly the due process rights. This document was formed when the Constitution inRead MoreBill of Rights and Amendments1353 Words à |à 6 PagesBill of Rights and Amendments Bill of Rights and Amendments The United States Constitution was recognized to Americans as a vague statement in clarifying the privileges and the rights of individuals and centralizing the power within the government itself. With the passing of the Bill of Rights and the first ten amendments, it grants the people to what is said to be their ââ¬Å"natural rightsâ⬠following additional rights that have significantly changed our society. Amendments and Constitution Read MoreThe Bill of Rights Amendments984 Words à |à 4 Pagesconstitution has an amendment process that has been included in the Bill of Rights. The amendment allows Americans to make changes to the September 17, 1789 United States Constitution, that was ratified and made law (Zink 450).. The amendment process has made it possible for the constitution to change moderately, than being overhauled, and it has been changed to adhere to the current times and changes. The Second Amendment to the US constitution is part of the Bill of Rights that guarantees all AmericanRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Bill Of Rights1185 Words à |à 5 PagesAn important provision of the Bill of Rights is the protection of freedom to publish, as provided by the First Amendment. This protection applies to all kinds of publications, even those that print unpopular opinions. In most censorship cases, every attempt is made to suppress the written word after publication, not before. M innesota passed a law in 1925 that sought to prevent newspapers, magazines, and other publications from printing obscene, malicious, scandalous and defamatory material. ThisRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Bill Of Rights933 Words à |à 4 Pagescommit actions unless they are considered lawful; no one is above the law. This can create conflict with our constitutional amendments, because the law can revoke our civil freedoms. Kathleen Ann Ruane, Legislative Attorney, acknowledges that there are exceptions on the first amendment of the Bill of Rights. Ruane notes that some forms of speech are not protected under this right such as obscenity, child pornography, and threats. We need these laws to keep our nation under control and safe; even ifRead MoreThe Fifth Amendment and The Bill of Rights654 Words à |à 3 Pagesarea at the time of the murder, he or she has the right to remain silent in order to protect him or herself from self-incrimination, a clause in the Fifth Amendment. The Fi fth Amendment upholds the rights of United States citizens against government prosecution. Introduced to the Bill of Rights in 1789, the Fifth Amendment is a noteworthy amendment both during the past and in todayââ¬â¢s world. The Fifth Amendment, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights, was proposed by James Madison, providing a wayRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights And The Amendment Of The Constitution962 Words à |à 4 Pagesincluded the Bill of rights that provided us with Freedom (Schweikart, 2004). The bill of rights was established so each citizen is equally treated and allowed to share their idea and not be disgraced for it (Bodenhamer, 1993). The first ten amendments to the constitution of the United States established basic American civil liberties (Schweikart, 2004). The Bill of rights and the amendments of the constitution were written about the same time by the same people. The Bill of Rights and amendments both focusedRead MoreThe Role Of The Amendments And The Bill Of Rights1242 Words à |à 5 PagesUnited Kingdom. The Constitution and the Amendments are the basis for the criminal system in this country and the procedures for the courts and the law enforcement community. In this essay, the rol e of the amendments and the Bill of Rights will be examined as they relate to the court system and the criminal justice system as a whole. One of the significant amendments in criminal policy is the Fourth Amendment. The documents notable components are; the right to be free from unreasonable searches andRead MoreUs Bill of Rights First Amendment1740 Words à |à 7 PagesMary Cathleen ThomasUnited States GovernmentGovt-2305-54245Jinnell Killingsworth | U.S. Bill of Rights | ââ¬Å"Amendment Iâ⬠| | | 2/19/2011 | | ââ¬Å"The First Amendmentâ⬠In the beginning, our founding fathers where working on drafting a formal Constitution for our newly formed country. The representatives for some of the newly formed states, worried about the current draft of the Constitution. Many of the states and there representatives, had concerns about the wording of the current Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-88933932988331521812019-12-09T19:36:00.001-08:002019-12-09T19:36:02.979-08:00Modern science and materialism Essay Example For Students Modern science and materialism Essay What is real? This question has puzzled many what is really real or what is reality. Reality as I shall explain is one that is according to materialism and proven by science. Materialism is defined, as the metaphysical view holding that matter alone is real. This is what Hugh Elliot proves in his argument Modern Science and Materialism. By use of his argument I will answer the questions of what is real, what humans need to know, if it is possible to know what is real and how, how to distinguish real for non-real, where humans fit in, and how we can benefit from materialism. First, what is real? Reality is only one thing, and it is all principles of matter and energy. When you reach out and touch something it is matter, when you look to the skies all around you sense this reality of matter and energy from the light in the sky to the ground beneath us. Elliot says that the universe consists of matter and energy in a state of permanent change.(Pg. 307 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) What Elliot is saying is matter is all objects being discerned, energy consisting of motion, heat, light, sound, electricity, and etc., and permanent change is real. This permanent change means that everything when you take a look around our universe it never stands still relative to the rest of the universe, and even science has proven this with the second law of thermodynamics it states that all systems will change spontaneously to less ordered. Now this is a scary thought that we wouldnt be able to grasp reality if it always changes on its own. This raises a serious question, how can we understand or live according to reality if it always is changing? Well, there is no need to worry about this fact of change, because we can understand how it works we our not helpless against nature. The universe will change according to Elliot and science, but the universe is not a chaotic place. It has procedures or fixed sequences that is follows it gives us humans knowledge about events so certain that we can predict the future. Elliot also states this he says that the universe it follows certain fixed sequences-usually called laws-which are so definite that even in the present state of knowledge many future events can be prophesied with certainty.(Pg. 308 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) Yes, now we have something to follow according to reality it is these, as Elliot states, laws. But unlike the laws of the government that are sometimes hard to follow these laws of the universe our fixed sequences that cant be broken, and wh at a relief. I have already mentioned one of these laws, but there is still others that govern us for our good. One is the law of gravity that states that large masses will exert a pull on other masses, and this is a law for the good of mankind. For if large masses didnt attract we would lose our atmosphere to space and so too we would be blown out into space. Yet, we have these laws that govern reality, but is it possible for us to gain the knowledge of all reality? Well, for us as humans to have knowledge we must have the facts, the ultimate facts of reality. When a mind has a small amount of real facts the reality that he constructs is less real. The more facts that we can accumulate the closer we get to true reality or what is really real. Hugh Elliot knew this he states before we can discern the deeper relationships of existence and the universe, we must know about these ultimate facts.(Pg. 308 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) This is how is we know reality we must construct it out of facts, and as Elliot stated we must know about these ultimate facts. This is what makes Elliots argument so easy to believe because he knew where to go to get these facts he gained knowledge before he gave his argument. To make this easy how many times have you thought that for sure you knew something and then as your education grows you see the world in a new light? Therefore it is possible to know what is real, but how?We already know that to have knowledge we need fact, but where and how do we get the facts that are consistent with reality? Hugh Elliot understood exactly where knowledge comes from he states all human knowledge is derived by observation and experiment.(Pg. 308 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) This is the source of facts, this is truth, and this is the ground on to which knowledge is built. By following this procedure many things have been learned and proven. Sir Isaac Newton tested his observations of falling matter by using experim ents to find out the facts on the laws of gravity. And because of the knowledge that became available it has changed our world for the better. We were able to use the fundamentals of this law to make and use machines. Our world went from an agricultural society to one of a booming industrial, space travel became possible, and countless lives have been saved. Although one law helped to change our understanding of the world there is much more that others have gathered. All knowledge that is based of the fore mentioned procedures have been gathered together into the various fields of science. This is where we can go to look for our answers to questions on reality. This is where Elliot argues we must go he says the first thing to be done in any search after philosophic principles is to travel over special sciences with a view to extracting from them such information relevant to our purpose.(Pg. 308 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) this is where we get the knowledge it is her e that others like us who want the truth have been going and they are also the ones increasing our knowledge through science. Macbeth Essay SummaryThus, when we know think of reality we can now say we understand it. It is purposeless, always changing according to laws, and it is all matter and energy. We have come to terms that it means that the only things that are real are those that go according to those things. There are no gods, or spirits, or any nonphysical entities like mind. We also know now that our place in reality is insignificant, but that it doesnt mean that we need have no happiness because of this. We can now enjoy life in total freedom always learning and growing in this knowledge. May you take to heart what has been given you so you can enjoy your life along with those like you who today are happier because of what they now know. Bibliography: Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-64781466533060091972019-12-02T07:18:00.001-08:002019-12-02T07:18:03.597-08:00What is foreign Direct Investment Why firms favor FDI rather than exporting licensing or Franchising Essay ExampleWhat is foreign Direct Investment? Why firms favor FDI rather than exporting licensing or Franchising Essay In their book ââ¬ËForeign Direct Investment and Regional Economyââ¬â¢, Jonathan Jones and Wren Colin argue that foreign direct investment (FDI) is the process where firms or individuals provides capital to an already existing firm or to a newly created firm in another country. Jones J and Wren C (2006, 7). A multinational enterprise (MNE) is the name given to firms who have establishments in more than one country.à The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OCED) defined FDI as ââ¬Ëinvestment that adds to, deducts from or acquires a lasting interest in an enterprise operating in an economyââ¬â¢. Jones J and Wren C (2006, 8). The foreign investor has a considerable influence in the management. In the wake of globalization the role of FDIââ¬â¢s cannot be underscored in propelling economic growth across the globe.à It is estimated that the global inflows from private FDIââ¬â¢s rose from $159 billion in 1991 to a tune of $1.1 trillion in a decadeâ â¬â¢s time. The success of any MNEââ¬â¢s will be affected by the approach that the firm uses entering a market.à MNEââ¬â¢s must consequently be very keen before making the final decision of which entry method to apply. This paper will focus on elaborating what FDI is as well as highlighting why it is preferred to licensing, exporting or franchising. History has it that initially MNEââ¬â¢s were treated with much suspicion on the basis that probably they were only out to exploit the 3rd world nations but with time countries become most receptive probably due to the benefits accrued. Bora B (2002, 1). The success of any firm or MNE in FDI largely depends on various factors like the degree of competition in the host country. Competition is of much essence as it determines the rate at which the firms are to manipulate their productivity levels, introduce other new production possibilities and consequently create positive spill over effects or externalities on the host countries. Whether the overall effects of FDI are positive or negative remains a highly debatable issue that also depends on whose point of view is being considered.à FDIââ¬â¢s have a significant effect on the balance of trade.à It is mostly associated with the transfer or export of jobs and some countries may cite ââ¬Ëbrain drainââ¬â¢ as a problem cre ated by FDI.à The host country on the other hand might argue that the MNE in question is not to its advantage when it imports labor. FDIââ¬â¢s could be blamed for killing domestic industries especially in cases where MNEââ¬â¢s are able to produce at a lower cost of production and hence produce cheaper and quality products at a lower price than is being offered by the domestic industries. Bora B (2002, 1). However, cases where FDI produces products that are not produced by the host country, then this is to the host countryââ¬â¢s advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on What is foreign Direct Investment? Why firms favor FDI rather than exporting licensing or Franchising specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What is foreign Direct Investment? Why firms favor FDI rather than exporting licensing or Franchising specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What is foreign Direct Investment? Why firms favor FDI rather than exporting licensing or Franchising specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer FDI is a very important source of capital as well as the technological know-how or knowledge in various productions.à Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are vital in influencing or rather determining if a firm is to invest in another country through FDI. Countries with weak protection discourage MNEââ¬â¢s from investing. à Bora B (2002, 197). IPRââ¬â¢s are a significant component of the regulatory system in any nation the same way taxes, regulations related to investment, trade policies as well as competition rules are.à IPRââ¬â¢s are very essential especially for firms that deal with ââ¬Ëknowledge based assetsââ¬â¢.à Countries with weal IPRââ¬â¢s would discourage foreign investors as there are high chances of imitation to counter the MNEââ¬â¢s goods.à Strong IPRS could be in the form of patents, copyrights, trade brands or even trademarks.à Imitation has a negative effect on the MNEââ¬â¢s as it reduces the market size. Strong IPRââ¬â¢s gi ves MNEââ¬â¢s a ââ¬Ëmonopolyââ¬â¢ advantage in the market which they can use to increase their profitability levels. Other factors that make foreign firms consider FDI includes the transportation costs incurred.à If a foreign firm estimates that the transportation cost would be too high when it exports her products, the FDI could be the better choice.à High trade costs also encourage firms or MNEââ¬â¢s to enter foreign countries through FDI.à A country where there is a relatively high productivity relative to the labor costs would also be more attractive for firms considering FDI.à Low fixed costs of establishing plants are also an incentive to FDI.à The major objective for the establishment of any firm is to make profits.à Profit which is the difference between the total revenues and total costs will be reduced if costs are high.à Firms with consequently try to opt for the options that minimize costs to increase their profits.à Low cost of establishments will therefore translate to increased profitability levels. Bora B (2002, 198). The role of IPRS in influencing FDI decisions is however dependent on the kind of business in question.à For the firms specializing in hard-to-imitate products the role of IPRââ¬â¢s is lower than for those whose products can be easily imitated.à Easy to imitate firms could be those dealing with pharmaceuticals and software. Access to foreign markets could also be influenced by investment regulations where inefficient ones will discourage FDI while efficient ones will attract FDI.à Limited rights of establishment will also hinder the market accessibility for MNEââ¬â¢s considering FDI.à Trade controls in a nation affect the flow of money in the economy.à If thereââ¬â¢s limited flow of money in circulation then the demand for productions will be negatively affected.à Accessibility to credit has a positive effect on the demand thus triggering increased production. Strict controls on the production as well as on marketing can also influence FDIââ¬â¢s in a country.à Countries that control the amount of output or the raw materials to use may affect MNEââ¬â¢s decision of whether to enter a market through FDI.à Arbitrary taxes are a disincentive to FDI and so are licensing restrictions. Bora B (2002, 202) When foreign companies use the ââ¬Ëexportââ¬â¢ approach to attain market access in a certain country, it means that they will have to establish an importer in the foreign country as well as agents. It could also establish a sales subsidiary in having its goods or services in the market.à Licensing on the other hand entails the selection of whether one is to contract a foreign firm to produce for it its products and also carry out the marketing or a firm could also opt for franchising. Wertz B and Wensley R (2002, 458). The need to increase or rather widen their profit levels, seek growth opportunities as well as diversifying risks is what triggers MNEââ¬â¢s to invest in foreign markets.à Comparative advantage plays an important role in influencing if firms are to engage in business. Before firms can make concrete decisions about foreign investment they must carry out effective market research regarding the country in question. The quality of infrastructure in the host country also affects the decision of how to gain the market entry. à Other important questions a firm should try to answer include whether there are available raw materials as well as energy which would affect the costs of production. Mc Donald et al (2002, 244). The major forms of FDI are joint ventures and wholly owned subsidiaries.à Joint ventures entails the partnership of 2 or more independent firms form a partnership and share resources in the operation of FDI.à They could be contractual or equity joint ventures. Using the licensing approach in gaining access to a market involves or rather is characterized by some advantages. It has reduced risks regarding the loss of proprietary knowledge.à It allows the firms to have strategic flexibility as it is associated with minimal controls and above all it applies lower amounts of resources as compared to FDI McDonald et al (2002, 229). Environmental factors also have a role to play in influencing firmââ¬â¢s decision regarding which approach to use gaining access in the market. Such factors include the risks in that country, competitive conditions and familiarity with the location.à In countries with high risks MNEââ¬â¢s may consider licensing to FDI and the reverse is true.à Other factors that may favor licensing include high cultural difference between the host and the home or source country and a declining market demand.à In cases where competition is subject to rapid technological as well as regulatory changes, firms may also consider licensing to other approaches of accessing or entering markets.à Firms dealing with research and development (RD) intensive ventures will not opt for licensing.à Those in areas where thereââ¬â¢s homogenous competition conditions as well as demand would least opt for licensing. Licensing would also not be considered in the face of rapid technological change, in countries with deregulation as well as those with political and cultural barriers.à Licensing would only be considered when the level of technological process if not complex, where there are harsh environmental conditions and hence it would not be profitable for the firms.à It can also be applied in cases of unstable demand. International franchising refers to a situation where a parent company offers or rather grants other companies the right of use to its products, services, trade marks or brand names but in a prescribed manner.à In return the mother or parent company gains profits which could be in a lump sum and continued or ongoing fees.à Independent firms could be given the mandate to control the franchise or the franchisor could take an equity share where they could have its own managers head some of the outlets.à The franchisor could offer knowledge about the business in question, offer marketing support and local exclusivity.à They could also offer the firms manuals on how to operate, and continued training.à The franchisee must however comply with the franchisorââ¬â¢s set standards and regulations so as not to tarnish its name through poor quality production. The ongoing fees are usually a certain percentage of the total sales made by the franchisee.à There are 2 types of franchising.à First generation franchising includes those between manufacturers and retailers as well as between wholesalers and retailers.à Franchising could be by a trade name or trade mark which is also referred to as second generation franchising or business franchising.à Franchising is applicable to both small as well as large firms and favored in cases where the cost of monitoring the managers as well as other employees is high overseas.à The major difference between licensing and franchising is that the former receives a ââ¬Ëproportionââ¬â¢ of the business while the latter attains all there is necessary for the successful running of the business.à Licensing ensures limited control over the process of running a business unlike franchising.à Selection is also different for licensing and franchising where licensing are self-selective as fra nchisee are selected the parent company or firm.à Licensing is done on already well established firms contrast to franchising which could be on start-up firms (McDonald et al (2002, 233).à Parent companies have zero equity in licensing unlike in franchising. Whether a firm is to use exporting as a way of entering a market largely depends on the prevailing trade environment, costs of transportation, risks related foreign exchange as well as threats of non-payment. (McDonald et al (2002, 234). The use of licensing as a market entry strategy is criticized on the grounds that the parent company or firms could be creating its own competitor. However it reduces the political based risks as it is 100% owned by the locals.à Itââ¬â¢s therefore a best solution or approach for new firms in the market.à Licensing earns the firms a minimal income compared to FDI entry. The role of the local government in influencing the kind of entry a foreign company takes is very significant. Countries could treat different entries differently thus encouraging some while discouraging others. Firms may opt for FDI in stable and well established economies as then their costs of operation are likely to be relatively low compared to unstable economies.à It is also easier to predict demand in such economies and they can easily make long term decisions unlike in cases of unstable economies.à MNEââ¬â¢s with the objective of pursuing a global strategy would favor FDI where they have full control over the running of their firms. The prevailing conditions of a host infrastructure also affect the entry mode.à This is because it has a significant influence on the costs incurred thus influencing the MNEââ¬â¢s profitability levels. Factors determining the mode of entry could be social, economical, political or industry specific factors. In their book, ââ¬ËInternational tradeââ¬â¢ Luis and Oliva noted that there are two forms of FDI that is the vertical as well as the horizontal FDI.à Horizontal FDI is when companies manufacture similar products or services in varying countries while vertical FDI is when firms carry out different stages of production process in various or different countries. Rivera-Batiz L and Oliva M. (2003, 165). FDI is favored over exportation when there are location advantages that significantly lower the trade costs to the target market. Some countries attract FDI through the application of tax breeds.à MNEââ¬â¢s will therefore be influenced by such incentives before deciding the entry mode to adopt. Firms will prefer FDI to licensing where ââ¬Ëarmsââ¬â¢ length relationship are very complex or when the agency costs involved are too high.à Firms will tend to shy away from licensing when there are unclear or complex contracts that are not specified.à If the costs incurred for enforcing the licensing contracts are very high to an extent that is unprofitable for the MNEââ¬â¢s then, FDI is preferred Rivera-Batiz L and Oliva M. (2003, 178). When there are high chances of the host country accessing the technology and knowledge to produce similar products, then the use of licensing must be reconsidered.à High competitiveness in the local market can see the competitors offer cheaper but low quality goods to raise the demand. Strong IPRââ¬â¢s can favor FDI to exportation.à FDI is beneficial to the host country in the sense that it brings about superior technology that ensures cheaper production of quality goods and services.à However the benefits will depend on whether the technology has some positive externalities to the host country or not.à Since FDI create competition the positive effects of competition like lowered prices and quality production are ensured.à FDI is also associated with positive effects on a countryââ¬â¢s investment and exports as well as reducing the foreign exchange gap. What is foreign Direct Investment Why firms favor FDI rather than exporting licensing or Franchising Essay Example What is foreign Direct Investment? Why firms favor FDI rather than exporting licensing or Franchising Paper In their book ââ¬ËForeign Direct Investment and Regional Economyââ¬â¢, Jonathan Jones and Wren Colin argue that foreign direct investment (FDI) is the process where firms or individuals provides capital to an already existing firm or to a newly created firm in another country. Jones J and Wren C (2006, 7). A multinational enterprise (MNE) is the name given to firms who have establishments in more than one country. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OCED) defined FDI as ââ¬Ëinvestment that adds to, deducts from or acquires a lasting interest in an enterprise operating in an economyââ¬â¢. Jones J and Wren C (2006, 8). The foreign investor has a considerable influence in the management. In the wake of globalization the role of FDIââ¬â¢s cannot be underscored in propelling economic growth across the globe. It is estimated that the global inflows from private FDIââ¬â¢s rose from $159 billion in 1991 to a tune of $1.1 trillion in a decadeââ¬â¢ s time. The success of any MNEââ¬â¢s will be affected by the approach that the firm uses entering a market. MNEââ¬â¢s must consequently be very keen before making the final decision of which entry method to apply. This paper will focus on elaborating what FDI is as well as highlighting why it is preferred to licensing, exporting or franchising. History has it that initially MNEââ¬â¢s were treated with much suspicion on the basis that probably they were only out to exploit the 3rd world nations but with time countries become most receptive probably due to the benefits accrued. Bora B (2002, 1). The success of any firm or MNE in FDI largely depends on various factors like the degree of competition in the host country. Competition is of much essence as it determines the rate at which the firms are to manipulate their productivity levels, introduce other new production possibilities and consequently create positive spill over effects or externalities on the host countries. Whether the overall effects of FDI are positive or negative remains a highly debatable issue that also depends on whose point of view is being considered. FDIââ¬â¢s have a significant effect on the balance of trade. It is mostly associated with the transfer or export of jobs and some countries may cite ââ¬Ëbrain drainââ¬â¢ as a problem created b y FDI. The host country on the other hand might argue that the MNE in question is not to its advantage when it imports labor. FDIââ¬â¢s could be blamed for killing domestic industries especially in cases where MNEââ¬â¢s are able to produce at a lower cost of production and hence produce cheaper and quality products at a lower price than is being offered by the domestic industries. Bora B (2002, 1). However, cases where FDI produces products that are not produced by the host country, then this is to the host countryââ¬â¢s advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on What is foreign Direct Investment? Why firms favor FDI rather than exporting licensing or Franchising specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What is foreign Direct Investment? Why firms favor FDI rather than exporting licensing or Franchising specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What is foreign Direct Investment? Why firms favor FDI rather than exporting licensing or Franchising specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer FDI is a very important source of capital as well as the technological know-how or knowledge in various productions. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are vital in influencing or rather determining if a firm is to invest in another country through FDI. Countries with weak protection discourage MNEââ¬â¢s from investing. Bora B (2002, 197). IPRââ¬â¢s are a significant component of the regulatory system in any nation the same way taxes, regulations related to investment, trade policies as well as competition rules are. IPRââ¬â¢s are very essential especially for firms that deal with ââ¬Ëknowledge based assetsââ¬â¢. Countries with weal IPRââ¬â¢s would discourage foreign investors as there are high chances of imitation to counter the MNEââ¬â¢s goods. Strong IPRS could be in the form of patents, copyrights, trade brands or even trademarks. Imitation has a negative effect on the MNEââ¬â¢s as it reduces the market size. Strong IPRââ¬â¢s gives MNEââ¬â¢s a ââ¬Ëmonopolyââ¬â¢ advantage in the market which they can use to increase their profitability levels. Other factors that make foreign firms consider FDI includes the transportation costs incurred. If a foreign firm estimates that the transportation cost would be too high when it exports her products, the FDI could be the better choice. High trade costs also encourage firms or MNEââ¬â¢s to enter foreign countries through FDI. A country where there is a relatively high productivity relative to the labor costs would also be more attractive for firms considering FDI. Low fixed costs of establishing plants are also an incentive to FDI. The major objective for the establishment of any firm is to make profits. Profit which is the difference between the total revenues and total costs will be reduced if costs are high. Firms with consequently try to opt for the options that minimize costs to increase their profits. Low cost of establishments will therefore translate to increased profitability levels. Bora B (2002, 198). The role of IPRS in influencing FDI decisions is however dependent on the kind of business in question. For the firms specializing in hard-to-imitate products the role of IPRââ¬â¢s is lower than for those whose products can be easily imitated. Easy to imitate firms could be those dealing with pharmaceuticals and software. Access to foreign markets could also be influenced by investment regulations where inefficient ones will discourage FDI while efficient ones will attract FDI. Limited rights of establishment will also hinder the market accessibility for MNEââ¬â¢s considering FDI. Trade controls in a nation affect the flow of money in the economy. If thereââ¬â¢s limited flow of money in circulation then the demand for productions will be negatively affected. Accessibility to credit has a positive effect on the demand thus triggering increased production. Strict controls on the production as well as on marketing can also influence FDIââ¬â¢s in a country. Countries that control the amount of output or the raw materials to use may affect MNEââ¬â¢s decision of whether to enter a market through FDI. Arbitrary taxes are a disincentive to FDI and so are licensing restrictions. Bora B (2002, 202) When foreign companies use the ââ¬Ëexportââ¬â¢ approach to attain market access in a certain country, it means that they will have to establish an importer in the foreign country as well as agents. It could also establish a sales subsidiary in having its goods or services in the market. Licensing on the other hand entails the selection of whether one is to contract a foreign firm to produce for it its products and also carry out the marketing or a firm could also opt for franchising. Wertz B and Wensley R (2002, 458). The need to increase or rather widen their profit levels, seek growth opportunities as well as diversifying risks is what triggers MNEââ¬â¢s to invest in foreign markets. Comparative advantage plays an important role in influencing if firms are to engage in business. Before firms can make concrete decisions about foreign investment they must carry out effective market research regarding the country in question. The quality of infrastructure in the host country also affects the decision of how to gain the market entry. Other important questions a firm should try to answer include whether there are available raw materials as well as energy which would affect the costs of production. Mc Donald et al (2002, 244). The major forms of FDI are joint ventures and wholly owned subsidiaries. Joint ventures entails the partnership of 2 or more independent firms form a partnership and share resources in the operation of FDI. They could be contractual or equity joint ventures. Using the licensing approach in gaining access to a market involves or rather is characterized by some advantages. It has reduced risks regarding the loss of proprietary knowledge. It allows the firms to have strategic flexibility as it is associated with minimal controls and above all it applies lower amounts of resources as compared to FDI McDonald et al (2002, 229). Environmental factors also have a role to play in influencing firmââ¬â¢s decision regarding which approach to use gaining access in the market. Such factors include the risks in that country, competitive conditions and familiarity with the location. In countries with high risks MNEââ¬â¢s may consider licensing to FDI and the reverse is true. Other factors that may favor licensing include high cultural difference between the host and the home or source country and a declining market demand. In cases where competition is subject to rapid technological as well as regulatory changes, firms may also consider licensing to other approaches of accessing or entering markets. Firms dealing with research and development (RD) intensive ventures will not opt for licensing. Those in areas where thereââ¬â¢s homogenous competition conditions as well as demand would least opt for licensing. Licensing would also not be considered in the face of rapid technological change, in countries wi th deregulation as well as those with political and cultural barriers. Licensing would only be considered when the level of technological process if not complex, where there are harsh environmental conditions and hence it would not be profitable for the firms. It can also be applied in cases of unstable demand. International franchising refers to a situation where a parent company offers or rather grants other companies the right of use to its products, services, trade marks or brand names but in a prescribed manner. In return the mother or parent company gains profits which could be in a lump sum and continued or ongoing fees. Independent firms could be given the mandate to control the franchise or the franchisor could take an equity share where they could have its own managers head some of the outlets. The franchisor could offer knowledge about the business in question, offer marketing support and local exclusivity. They could also offer the firms manuals on how to operate, and continued training. The franchisee must however comply with the franchisorââ¬â¢s set standards and regulations so as not to tarnish its name through poor quality production. The ongoing fees are usually a certain percentage of the total sales made by the franchisee. There are 2 types of franchising. First generation franchising includes those between manufacturers and retailers as well as between wholesalers and retailers. Franchising could be by a trade name or trade mark which is also referred to as second generation franchising or business franchising. Franchising is applicable to both small as well as large firms and favored in cases where the cost of monitoring the managers as well as other employees is high overseas. The major difference between licensing and franchising is that the former receives a ââ¬Ëproportionââ¬â¢ of the business while the latter attains all there is necessary for the successful running of the business. Licensing ensures limited control over the process of running a business unlike franchising. Selection is also different for licensing and franchising where licensing are self-selective as franchisee are selected the parent company or firm. Licensing is done on already well established firms contrast to franchising which could be on start-up firms (McDonald et al (2002, 233). Parent companies have zero equity in licensing unlike in franchising. Whether a firm is to use exporting as a way of entering a market largely depends on the prevailing trade environment, costs of transportation, risks related foreign exchange as well as threats of non-payment. (McDonald et al (2002, 234). The use of licensing as a market entry strategy is criticized on the grounds that the parent company or firms could be creating its own competitor. However it reduces the political based risks as it is 100% owned by the locals. Itââ¬â¢s therefore a best solution or approach for new firms in the market. Licensing earns the firms a minimal income compared to FDI entry. The role of the local government in influencing the kind of entry a foreign company takes is very significant. Countries could treat different entries differently thus encouraging some while discouraging others. Firms may opt for FDI in stable and well established economies as then their costs of operation are likely to be relatively low compared to unstable economies. It is also easier to predict demand in such economies and they can easily make long term decisions unlike in cases of unstable economies. MNEââ¬â¢s with the objective of pursuing a global strategy would favor FDI where they have full control over the running of their firms. The prevailing conditions of a host infrastructure also affect the entry mode. This is because it has a significant influence on the costs incurred thus influencing the MNEââ¬â¢s profitability levels. Factors determining the mode of entry could be social, economical, political or industry specific factors. In their book, ââ¬ËInternational tradeââ¬â¢ Luis and Oliva noted that there are two forms of FDI that is the vertical as well as the horizontal FDI. Horizontal FDI is when companies manufacture similar products or services in varying countries while vertical FDI is when firms carry out different stages of production process in various or different countries. Rivera-Batiz L and Oliva M. (2003, 165). FDI is favored over exportation when there are location advantages that significantly lower the trade costs to the target market. Some countries attract FDI through the application of tax breeds. MNEââ¬â¢s will therefore be influenced by such incentives before deciding the entry mode to adopt. Firms will prefer FDI to licensing where ââ¬Ëarmsââ¬â¢ length relationship are very complex or when the agency costs involved are too high. Firms will tend to shy away from licensing when there are unclear or complex contracts that are not specified. If the costs incurred for enforcing the licensing contracts are very high to an extent that is unprofitable for the MNEââ¬â¢s then, FDI is preferred Rivera-Batiz L and Oliva M. (2003, 178). When there are high chances of the host country accessing the technology and knowledge to produce similar products, then the use of licensing must be reconsidered. High competitiveness in the local market can see the competitors offer cheaper but low quality goods to raise the demand. Strong IPRââ¬â¢s can favor FDI to exportation. FDI is beneficial to the host country in the sense that it brings about superior technology that ensures cheaper production of quality goods and services. However the benefits will depend on whether the technology has some positive externalities to the host country or not. Since FDI create competition the positive effects of competition like lowered prices and quality production are ensured. FDI is also associated with positive effects on a countryââ¬â¢s investment and exports as well as reducing the foreign exchange gap. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-68633343873294557962019-11-27T00:19:00.001-08:002019-11-27T00:19:04.189-08:00Goodnight Mr Tom EssaysGoodnight Mr Tom Essays Goodnight Mr Tom Essay Goodnight Mr Tom Essay In ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢ Goodnight mister Tom ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢ a fictional novel by Michelle Magorian, there are many events, circumstances and influential people that prompt change in the main character. These changes can be seen through the development of William Beech, the protagonist in the novel. Willie changes from a shy, timid, fearful boy to a confident sociable and mature young man. Willies growth is prompted by certain situations such as the World War II emerging in Great Britain, Willie living with mister Tom and how mister Tom influences him. At the start of ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢ Goodnight mister Tom ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢, we are introduced to Willie,. Willie is a very shy, cautious young boy who grew up with his abusive mother in London. He was scared of many things and was told by his mother over and over again that he was full of sin. Willie started out being thin and sickly looking; pale with limp sandy hair and dull grey eyes. Later on the novel, he became stronger and more healthy he had colour in his skin and warmth in his eyes. Willie behaved very well for mister Tom and behaved as though he was still under control of his harsh mother. : He soon became more relaxed around mister Tom in the household and behaved more like a young boy. ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ë I must be good,ââ¬â¢ he whispered urgently, ââ¬Ë I must be good, ââ¬Ë and he rubbed a sore spot on his arm. ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ This quote uses the technique of repletion. Through such a technique we can relate to the characters up bringing, and how his firm mother would have drilled into him to be good. ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢He rubbed a sore spot on his armââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ is relating to his poor, insufficient appearance due to his mothers beatings. This was all to change when willie was sent to live with mister Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-80360809819344228512019-11-23T07:53:00.001-08:002019-11-23T07:53:03.886-08:00A Guide to Halloween Customs in GermanyA Guide to Halloween Customs in Germany Halloween, as we celebrate it commonly today, is not originally German. Yet many Germans embrace it. Others, especially those of the older generation, believe that Halloween is just American hype. Though the commercialism of Halloween does indeed stem from North America, the tradition and celebration itself had its origins in Europe.à Halloween has gained much popularity over the past few decades. In fact, this celebration now brings in an astounding 200 million euros a year, according to the Stuttgarter Zeitung, and it is the third most commercialized tradition after Christmas and Easter. The evidence is all there. Walk in some of the larger German department stores and easily find Halloween themed decorations to match your gruesome tastes. Or go to a costumed Halloween party offered by many nightclubs. Have children? Then read through some popular German family magazine on how to throw a terrific, ghoulish party for your kids, complete with bat and ghost treats. Why Germans Celebrate Halloween So how did Germans get so excited about Halloween? Naturally, the influence of American commercialism and media is key. Furthermore, the presence of American soldiers in the post-war WWII era helped bring about a familiarity of this tradition. Also, because of the cancellation of Fasching in Germany during the Gulf War, the push for Halloween and its associated commercial potential was an attempt to make up for Faschingââ¬â¢s financial loss, according to Fachgruppe Karnevalà imà Deutschen Verband der Spielwarenindustrie. How You Trick-or-Treat in Germany Trick-or-treating is the aspect of Halloween that is the least observed in Germany and Austria. Only in large,à metropolitan cities of Germany will you see groups of children actually go door-to-door. They say, either Sà ¼ÃŸes oder Saures or Sà ¼ÃŸes, sonst gibts Saure as they collect treats from their neighbors. This is partly because just eleven days later, children traditionally to go door-to-door on St. Martinstag with their lanterns. They sing a song and then they are rewarded with baked goods and sweets.à What Costumes Germans Wear on Halloween Halloween specialty stores are increasingly popular in Germany. One interesting difference between Germany and North America with regard to costumesà is that the Germans tend to indulge in more scary outfits than Americans do. Even kids. Perhaps this is due to the many other opportunities throughout the year that children and adults get to dress up for different celebrations, such as Fasching and St. Martinstag that is just around the corner. Other Spooky Traditions in Germany October is also the time for other spooky happenings in Germany.à Haunted Castle: One of the largest and most popular Halloween venues in Germany is the 1,000-year-old fortress ruins in Darmstadt. Since the 1970s, it has been known as Burg Frankenstein and is a popular destination for gore aficionados.à Pumpkin Festival: By mid-October, youââ¬â¢ll see some carved out pumpkins on peopleââ¬â¢s doorsteps in the streets of Germany and Austria, though not as much as in North America. But what you will see and hear about is the famous pumpkin festival in Retz, Austria, near Vienna. Itââ¬â¢s an entire weekend of fun, family-friendly entertainment, complete with an elaborate Halloween parade that includes floats.Reformationstag: Germany and Austria have another tradition on Oct. 31 that is actually centuries-long: Reformationstag. This a special day for Protestants to commemorate Martin Lutherââ¬â¢s launch of the Reformation when he nailed those ninety-five theses to the Catholic castle church in Wittenberg, Germany. In celebration of Reforma tionstag and so that its not completely overshadowed by Halloween, Luther-Bonbons (candies) were created. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-56199027279936270582019-11-21T04:31:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:31:11.111-08:00LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsLEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING - Essay Example Negligence on either side of the teams gives rise to severe consequences. These consequences are sometimes lethal and several patients have been reported dead on grounds of negligence. Other than filing law suits against the healthcare providers and healthcare facilities, patients and plaintiffs have in the past gone an extra step to sue jurisdictional governments for their failure to make available sufficient funds for up-to-date facilities (Martzo & Sherman 2010, 43). There are a number of federal regulations that health facilities need to observe in assuring clientââ¬â¢s safety. The first regulation is the identification of laid down set of measurements of patientsââ¬â¢ protection critical to the therapeutic error detection. Another parameter is classifying a set of performances concerning patient safety significant to medical inaccuracy prevention. The third guideline is identifying matters connected to implementation of mandatory reporting for diminution of errors (Martzo & Sherman 2010, 63). Establishing the utmost accommodating way to show information on the incidences of medical oversights to the civic is also a federal law. Healthcare facilities need to take levelheaded steps to ensure that medical workforce adhere to these guidelines by the established modus operandi that encourage patient safety. There are several principles of protecting patientsââ¬â¢ safety that applied in Mr. Abrahamââ¬â¢s case. First is the Principle of Autonomy. This is the agreement to respect a patientââ¬â¢s right to determine his own course of action. The agreement demands that medical practitioners respect independent decisions made by a patient. Patient Self Determination Act of 1990 passed by the United States Congress reserves a patientââ¬â¢s right to make decisions over what he wants to do with his life. The law, however, applies to a person in a stable state of mind and body (competent person). This principle does not apply to Mr. Abrahamââ¬â¢s dema nd to leave the clinic since he was drunk at the time of his admission. His alcohol level was above the legal limit and this disqualified him from the principle of autonomy. The nurses reserved the right to decide on his behalf to stay within the facility for further treatment. The second principle applicable in the case study is the Principle of Beneficence. This states the nursesââ¬â¢ need to be compassionate, take positive action to help others and always desire to do well. This principle is considered the core principle of patient advocacy. In Abrahamââ¬â¢s case, the nurses and medical personnel who attended to him had his best interest at heart. After attending to the patient, the nurses restrained Mr. Abraham onto his bed using Posey vest and soft wrist restraints so that he could not leave to cause more harm to himself in another fight. The nursesââ¬â¢ care was evident in their decision to move the patient to a room close to their station so that they could have a cl ose check on him. Further, they devised an hourly visit to ensure his best care. Nonmaleficence is the third principle that applies to the case of Mr. Abraham. This principle demands that medical practitioners may not inflict any harm on the patients as they take positive action to help (Martzo & Sherman 2010, 143). It is the central medical oath of medical ethics. In medical practitionerââ¬â¢s efforts to do utmost good to sustain the patientââ¬â¢ Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-36863352647950486612019-11-19T20:39:00.001-08:002019-11-19T20:39:03.505-08:00Development of organisational capability at SISCO ArticleDevelopment of organisational capability at SISCO - Article Example In a large transnational organization of the size of SISCO, certain key initiatives that were initiated by the leadership team to acquire, retain, groom and manage talent are discussed in detail in the remaining part of this paper. Human resources is one of the most valuable and unique assets of an organization. According to Leon C. Megginson, the term human resources refer to "the total workforce, as well as the values, attitudes and beliefs of the individuals involved (Noble, 1985)." Management as a process involves planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling activities that facilitate the achievement of an organization's objectives. All these activities are accomplished through efficient utilization of physical and financial resources by the company's human resources. Human Resources management is one of the most complex and challenging fields of modern management. A human resource manager has to build up an effective workforce, handle the expectations of the employees and ensure that they perform at their best. He/she also has to take into account the firm's responsibilities to the society that it operates in. Human resource management deals with the "people" dimension in management. In their book Human Resource Management, Byars and Rue, say "Human Resource Management encompasses those activities designed to provide for and coordinate the human resources of an organization (Rue, 2000)." According to Ivancevich and Glueck, "Personnel or Human resource management is the function performed in organizations that facilitates the most effective use of people or employees to achieve organizational and individual goals (Glueck, 1995)." Every organization is composed of people and utilizing their services, developing their skills, motivating them to enhance their levels of performance and ensuring that they remain committed to the organization are essential for the accomplishment of organizational objectives. This is true for all types of organizations - government, business, education, health, recreation and social action. Acquiring and retaining good human resources is an essential pre-condition for the success of every organization. Organizations that can do this will be both effective i.e. they will be able to achieve their goals as well as efficient i.e. they will use minimum resources necessary to achieve their goals. Inefficient or ineffective organizations face the danger of stagnating or going out of business. Competent managers and workers are essential for the coordination of efforts towards the ultimate objectives which ensure the survival of the organization. Though such coordination alone cannot guarantee success, the lack of it can lead to failure. In the changing times, it has become evident that it is the human resourc Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-79473711263071499422019-11-17T09:10:00.001-08:002019-11-17T09:10:04.351-08:00Careers in Psychology; Opportunities in a Changing World Essay Example for Free Careers in Psychology; Opportunities in a Changing World Essay It is usually very vital for one to consider the choice of their career path very carefully. One should consider his or her interests in the career, the job market as well as their education qualifications. It is equally important for one to carefully examine the merits and demerits that come with each career option. This is the sole reason why career talks have become part of the school curriculum in many countries in the world. This paper will analyze three case studies of individuals who are about to complete their Bachelorââ¬â¢s Degrees in Psychology, after which it will critically analyze the options the three cases have laid on the table by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each. Denise is considering a couple of options; Master of Arts/ Master of Science in Clinical Psychology Master of Arts/ Master of Science in Counseling Psychology Master of Education in Counseling Psychology Master of Social Work Master of Science in Pastoral Counseling Master of Science in Counseling. Important to note is where the interests of Denise lie. She has an interest in reading research materials or findings related to children, however this interest is not that much. Denise is also not very interested in doing research work. Considering the fact that Denise has a passion in desire to counsel youth and children is not enough when deciding to choose the next degree program the best option for Denise would be a Masterââ¬â¢s Degree in Pastoral Counseling. The merits of this program are that it is in all ways related to the interests of Denise. It would give Denise the best opportunity to counsel youth and children. The degree does not require a lot of research work, rather it r equires more of reading research work. This would by all means be the best for Denise. However, a Masterââ¬â¢s Degree in Pastoral Counseling would be tricky if matters of spiritual faith are put in consideration. It is not clear where her faith lies. It would be unbeatably the best if her spiritual faith lies along the pastoral line, or if she had pursued a degree in theology. CITATION Tar12 l 1033 (Kuther, 2012)A Masterââ¬â¢s Degree in Clinical Psychology would be advantageous in the sense that it has a wide job market and it is in line with the passion of Denise. However, this degree would not be the best for Denise since it requires a lot of research, which Denise is not very good at. Another disadvantage of this is that it would not limit her exactly to youth and children the way she would like it, older people have psychological problems as well. A Master of Science in Counseling Psychology would also not be advisable for Denise. This degree, just like the one in Clinical Psychology would require a lot of research work. Denise does not like research work and it would be very difficult for her to excel in this program. However, it could be really advantageous in the sense that it requires reading research materials and this is one major stronghold for Denise. A Master Degree in Clinical Psychology would have the same limitations as a Master Degree in Counseling Psychology. However, she loves reading research materials on youth and children. This would favor her in the case that she chose this career path. This leaves the best option for Denise as a Master Degree in Pastoral Psychology. CITATION Rob07 l 1033 (Sternberg, 2007)It would be very difficult for Raul to change what he wanted to do all his life to something else. However, the policy when choosing career paths is always no mistakes. This is when the purpose of internship comes out very clearly. All his life, Raul has been interested in counseling psychology or clinical psychology. He should be very careful when making a choice for the nest career step. This is owing to the fact that for one to excel in a certain career path, he or she ought to have the desire and passion for it. Passion does not just grow within a day and Raul does not have much time to make a decision. However, the volunteer work that he did in the psychiatric clinic seems to have helped him a great deal. The interview that he had with counselors and psychologists seems to have opened his eyes to the real career world. It is very important for Raul to make a decision before it is late since he is about to graduate from school. The interests of Raul are very important is deciding his career path. The fact that he has a wife and children makes it very necessary for him to take a career path that would help him a great deal financially. The best option for Raul in his career path would be to pursue a Masterââ¬â¢s Degree in Counseling Psychology. This is owing to the fact that he has interests in researc h which is very vital to the program. Moreover, counseling would give him a wider job market and would therefore sustain him financially. CITATION Don08 l 1033 (Super, 2008)Having been in the cooperate world is indeed a milestone for John in the career world. As much as he was laid off, he is way ahead of a number of individuals. His experience in the cooperate world must have equipped him with a number of skills that will help him a great deal I n future. This is considering the fact that he would love to integrate his career path of psychology with business. For instance, one of the options that John is laying on the table is Industrial Organizational Psychology. I could not agree more with John on this one. Industrial Psychology would indeed be a very good way for John to combine what he learnt in the cooperate world together with Psychology. However, John should always keep in mind that this is a competitive world. The field of Industrial Psychology is just one of the fields tha t experience a lot of competition when it comes to pursuing a graduate program in the field. However, the best advice for John would be to first of all take a professional course that is related to business or rather the cooperate world. Such courses include Business Management, Business Administration, Marketing or even Certified Public Accounting (CPA). In this way, he would be able to prove his skills in the cooperate world, not just by word of mouth or experience but by Certified Professional Courses. This, together with a Bachelorââ¬â¢s Degree in Psychology would raise his bar much higher. Having done any of these professional courses, John would not only be fit to pursue Industrial or Organizational Psychology but he would also be able to compete with other individuals. CITATION Tho05 l 1033 (Wadsworth, 2005) References l 1033 Helms, J. L. (2011). Majoring in Psychology. New York : New York University Press. Kuther, T. (2012). Careers in Psychology; Opprtumities in a Changing World. New York: New York University Press. Sternberg, R. J. (2007). Career Paths in Psychology. Oxford University Press. Super, D. (2008). Opportunities in Psychology Careers. Oxford University Press. Wadsworth, T. (2005). Your Career in Psychology; Industrial /Organizational Psychology. New York: New York University Press. Source document Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7229725099049570817.post-5916665376852029532019-11-14T21:41:00.001-08:002019-11-14T21:41:03.738-08:00Freedom Essay -- essays research papers I believe rationality is incorrectly dictated by society. Generally when one is irrational he or she is contradicting the "normal" or what everyone is programmed to do. Kant says "Can you also will that your maxim should become a universal law."1 In part I agree to the theory of universal law where "rational" is judged by universality or what everyone should do. In fact we know that primitive societies were not built on rationality. I believe that we are intrinsically rational and irrational. In my opinion , taking the daouist view, having the ability to be rational and irrational, a hybrid of both, gives an individual the ability to be rational. Kant says "These, so far from hiding a good will or disguising it, rather bring it out by contrast and make it shine forth more brightly."2 I like what Kant thinks here but I think the good will should be substituted with irrationality. For example in order to maintain the title rational while conformi ng to society's dictated rationality, one must do the following. Allow our irrational thoughts and ideas to manifest themselves in private and then refine and hide them for public display. When an individual is accepted or titled as rational they are universally accepted (universal law). Irrationality must be well disguised at first to gain universal acceptance along with the sister word "credibility." Once credibility has been established, undress the irrational. This first step to ... Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07349802244206122848noreply@blogger.com0